Neuroeconomics of sugars: Glucose vs. fructose effects on reward signaling

糖的神经经济学：葡萄糖与果糖对奖励信号的影响

• 批准号: 9321514
• 负责人: John R Monterosso
• 金额: $ 24.75万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-01 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9321514
• 关键词: Acute; Affect; Anterior; Attenuated; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Budgets; Cherry - dietary; Collaborations; Consumption; Corpus striatum structure; Coupling; Data; Decision Making; Dopamine; Dorsal; Drug usage; Endocrine; Endocrinology; Enrollment; Food; Fructose; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Glucose; Health; Health behavior; Homeostasis; Hormonal; Hormones; Human; Image Analysis; Incentives; Individual; Individual Differences; Insula of Reil; Insulin; Lead; Leptin; Light; Limbic System; Link; Low income; Measurement; Measures; Medial; Mediating; Metabolic; Metabolism; Methods; Midbrain structure; Neuraxis; Obesity; Outcome; Parents; Parietal; Participant; Pathway interactions; Peptide YY; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Protocols documentation; Psychological reinforcement; Recruitment Activity; Rewards; Satiation; Signal Transduction; Substantia nigra structure; System; Time; Ventral Striatum; Water; Work; addiction; attenuation; base; behavior change; deprivation; discount; discounting; dopaminergic neuron; food consumption; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; ghrelin; glucagon-like peptide 1; insight; interest; neuroeconomics; neuroimaging; payment; preference; putamen; relating to nervous system; response; reward anticipation; reward processing; sugar; trait

Metabolic state affects behavior, in large part to defend homeostasis. However, the pathways linking metabolism to decision-making are not well understood. The core idea of this revised proposal is that by combining insights and methods from endocrinology and neuroeconomics, we can better identify mechanisms linking food consumption and behavior. Here we focus specifically on comparing the effects of two sugars (glucose and fructose) on reward signaling and “delay discounting” (the tendency to value rewards less as a function of their delay). Glucose and fructose have dramatically different effects on endocrine function (including greater circulating insulin and GLP-1 after glucose) and central nervous system activity (including greater attenuation of dopamine release within the VTA and substantia nigra after glucose). There is reason to believe that these identified differences may lead to differences in delay discounting. Specifically, we hypothesize that the tendency to prefer immediate reward over larger but more delayed reward will be greater after fructose consumption than after glucose consumption. Given links between immediate-oriented decision making and negative health consequences like obesity and problem drug use, this would have significant health implications. Participants (N = 36) will complete three functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) sessions, each after overnight fast followed by consumption of either: water, a 75g fructose drink, or a 75g glucose drink. Outside the scanner participants will complete a task that uses convex budgets to estimate utility and discount functions. During fMRI, participants will complete: 1) a modified “Monetary Incentive Task” with immediate and delayed rewards, and 2) a “Delay-Discounting Task” in which the participant makes choices between immediate and delayed money. In the latter, options will be individualized to be difficult (the immediate and delayed options similarly attractive given the participant’s discounting and utility). Neuroimaging analyses will focus on established reward pathways and on fronto-parietal networks recruited during the decision making task. By attaching to an ongoing separate study that includes measurement of endocrine responses to the same sugars, we will also be able to investigate whether variance in the primary study measures is associated with (and possibly mediated by) individual differences in endocrine response to glucose and fructose.

代谢状态在很大程度上影响行为，以捍卫体内平衡。但是，链接的路径 对决策的代谢尚不清楚。这项修订的建议的核心思想是 结合内分泌学和神经经济学的见解和方法，我们可以更好地识别 连接食物消耗和行为的机制。在这里，我们专门针对比较效果 奖励信号和“延迟打折”上的两种糖（葡萄糖和果糖）的含量（价值的趋势 随着延迟的函数，奖励较少）。葡萄糖和果糖对 内分泌功能（包括葡萄糖后的循环胰岛素和GLP-1更大）和中枢神经系统 活性（包括在葡萄糖后VTA内释放多巴胺释放的衰减）。 有理由相信这些确定的差异可能会导致延迟折现的差异。 具体来说，我们假设倾向于立即奖励而不是更大但更延迟的奖励的趋势 果糖消耗后将比葡萄糖消耗后更大。给定直接面向决策与肥胖和毒品使用问题的负面健康后果之间的联系，这将 具有重大的健康影响。参与者（n = 36）将完成三个功能磁共振 成像（fMRI）会议，每次过夜，然后消耗以下是：水，75g果糖 饮料或75克葡萄糖饮料。在扫描仪之外的参与者将完成使用凸预算的任务 估计公用事业和折扣功能。在fMRI期间，参与者将完成：1）修改后的“货币 激励任务”即时和延迟的奖励，以及2）“延迟缩减任务”，其中 参与者在立即和延误的钱之间做出选择。在后者中，选项将是个性化的 要困难（鉴于参与者的折扣和 公用事业）。神经影像学分析将集中于既定的奖励途径和额叶网络 在决策任务中招募。通过附加到正在进行的单独研究中，其中包括 对同一糖的内分泌反应的测量，我们还将能够调查差异是否存在 在主要研究中，测量与内分泌的个体差异有关（可能是由） 对葡萄糖和果糖的反应。