Neuroeconomics of sugars: Glucose vs. fructose effects on reward signaling

糖的神经经济学：葡萄糖与果糖对奖励信号的影响

基本信息

批准号：
9321514
负责人：
John R Monterosso
金额：
$ 24.75万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-08-01 至 2019-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9321514
关键词：
Acute Affect Anterior Attenuated Behavior Behavioral Brain Budgets Cherry - dietary Collaborations Consumption Corpus striatum structure Coupling Data Decision Making Dopamine Dorsal Drug usage Endocrine Endocrinology Enrollment Food Fructose Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Glucose Health Health behavior Homeostasis Hormonal Hormones Human Image Analysis Incentives Individual Individual Differences Insula of Reil Insulin Lead Leptin Light Limbic System Link Low income Measurement Measures Medial Mediating Metabolic Metabolism Methods Midbrain structure Neuraxis Obesity Outcome Parents Parietal Participant Pathway interactions Peptide YY Pharmaceutical Preparations Protocols documentation Psychological reinforcement Recruitment Activity Rewards Satiation Signal Transduction Substantia nigra structure System Time Ventral Striatum Water Work addiction attenuation base behavior change deprivation discount discounting dopaminergic neuron food consumption gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ghrelin glucagon-like peptide 1 insight interest neuroeconomics neuroimaging payment preference putamen relating to nervous system response reward anticipation reward processing sugar trait

项目摘要

Metabolic state affects behavior, in large part to defend homeostasis. However, the pathways linking metabolism to decision-making are not well understood. The core idea of this revised proposal is that by combining insights and methods from endocrinology and neuroeconomics, we can better identify mechanisms linking food consumption and behavior. Here we focus specifically on comparing the effects of two sugars (glucose and fructose) on reward signaling and “delay discounting” (the tendency to value rewards less as a function of their delay). Glucose and fructose have dramatically different effects on endocrine function (including greater circulating insulin and GLP-1 after glucose) and central nervous system activity (including greater attenuation of dopamine release within the VTA and substantia nigra after glucose). There is reason to believe that these identified differences may lead to differences in delay discounting. Specifically, we hypothesize that the tendency to prefer immediate reward over larger but more delayed reward will be greater after fructose consumption than after glucose consumption. Given links between immediate-oriented decision making and negative health consequences like obesity and problem drug use, this would have significant health implications. Participants (N = 36) will complete three functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) sessions, each after overnight fast followed by consumption of either: water, a 75g fructose drink, or a 75g glucose drink. Outside the scanner participants will complete a task that uses convex budgets to estimate utility and discount functions. During fMRI, participants will complete: 1) a modified “Monetary Incentive Task” with immediate and delayed rewards, and 2) a “Delay-Discounting Task” in which the participant makes choices between immediate and delayed money. In the latter, options will be individualized to be difficult (the immediate and delayed options similarly attractive given the participant’s discounting and utility). Neuroimaging analyses will focus on established reward pathways and on fronto-parietal networks recruited during the decision making task. By attaching to an ongoing separate study that includes measurement of endocrine responses to the same sugars, we will also be able to investigate whether variance in the primary study measures is associated with (and possibly mediated by) individual differences in endocrine response to glucose and fructose.

代谢状态影响行为，很大程度上是为了维护体内平衡，然而，这些途径是相互联系的。这个修改提案的核心思想是，通过新陈代谢到决策还没有得到很好的理解。结合内分泌学和神经经济学的见解和方法，我们可以更好地识别在这里，我们特别关注比较影响。两种糖（葡萄糖和果糖）对奖励信号和“延迟贴现”（重视价值的倾向）的影响葡萄糖和果糖对延迟的影响截然不同）。内分泌功能（包括葡萄糖后更大的循环胰岛素和 GLP-1）和中枢神经系统活性（包括葡萄糖后 VTA 和黑质内多巴胺释放的更大减弱）。有理由相信，这些已识别的差异可能会导致延迟贴现的差异。具体来说，我们发现人们倾向于选择立即奖励而不是更大但更延迟的奖励考虑到即时决策与肥胖和问题药物使用等负面健康后果之间的联系，摄入果糖后的影响会大于消耗葡萄糖后的影响。参与者 (N = 36) 将完成三项功能性磁共振检查。成像 (fMRI) 疗程，每次禁食过夜后，然后摄入以下任一物质：水、75 克果糖在扫描仪之外，参与者将完成一项使用凸预算的任务。在功能磁共振成像期间，参与者将完成：1）修改后的“货币”函数。激励任务”，具有立即奖励和延迟奖励，以及 2）“延迟折扣任务”，其中在立即付款和延迟付款之间做出选择，后者的选择将是个性化的。是困难的（考虑到参与者的折扣和延迟，立即和延迟的选择同样有吸引力）实用性）。神经影像分析将重点关注已建立的奖励途径和额顶叶网络。通过参与一项正在进行的单独研究，其中包括在决策任务期间招募的人员。测量内分泌对相同糖的反应，我们还能够研究方差是否存在在主要研究中，测量值与内分泌的个体差异相关（并可能由其介导）对葡萄糖和果糖的反应。