Project 4: Comprehension of Health Risks in More and Less Arousing Affe

项目四：在或多或少引发的情感中理解健康风险

• 批准号: 9333249
• 负责人: Peter G. Shields
• 金额: $ 32.38万
• 依托单位: OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9333249
• 关键词: Adolescent; Adult; Advertising; Affect; Affective; American; Arousal; Automobile Driving; Cigarette; Comprehension; Cues; Effectiveness; Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act; Frequencies; Health; Image; Individual; Intervention; Label; Link; Litigation; Marketing; Memory; Participant; Perception; Play; Process; Public Health Education; Randomized; Recruitment Activity; Regulation; Relative Risks; Research; Research Priority; Risk; Role; Rural; Short-Term Memory; Smoke; Smokeless Tobacco; Smoker; Smoking; Source; Statutes and Laws; Surveys; Testing; Text; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco smoking; Tobacco use; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration; authority; base; court; design; experimental study; high risk; improved; interest; long term memory; mortality; negative affect; novel; primary outcome; psychologic; risk perception; rural area; secondary outcome; tobacco regulatory science; urban area

Abstract Tobacco use remains the largest preventable source of mortality in the United States. This application responds td the "Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act," which gave the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory authority over the manufacture and marketing of many tobacco products. Public perceptions and understanding of tobacco's health consequences are central responsibilities of FDA's regulatory authority over public-health education efforts, including the regulation of graphic warnings, advertising, and new product/Modified Risk Tobacco Product determinations. Project 4 aims to study psychological mechanisms that influence the public's perceptions of tobacco products because of the central role they play in influencing quit intentions and usage. In particular, we focus on the role of affective arousal in making warnings on cigarette packs more effective, while at the same time, its role in brand advertising and promotion may make tobacco products appear less risky. Affective arousal is important because its presence has been linked with improved long-term memory and understanding of information. By experimentally manipulating affectively arousing cues (graphic images and smoking cues), this research has three aims designed to identify ways to maximize long-term effectiveness of health information. In Aim 1, we will experimentally test effects of graphic images (that vary in arousal) on understanding of text-based smoking-risk information short- and long-term. To fulfill this aim, we propose to randomize 136 adult and 136 adolescent smokers to an image condition that varies in arousal (no image, low, medium, or high arousal) and to a time point (immediate, one week, or six weeks) to test risk understanding, perceptions, arid use. We predict that more arousing images will produce greater long-term understanding. Aim 2 uses a similar design and examines arousal effects on long-term understanding of numerical health risks. We hypothesize that numerical information will be better understood over time in the presence of more arousing warning images and among individuals with greater numeric ability. In Aim 2a, we test absolute and relative risks with 154 adult arid 154 adolescent smokers whereas Aim 2b includes 154 adult smokers and examines percentage vs. frequency formats. Finally, for Aim 3, we will experimentally test the presence vs. absence of pro-tobacco smoking cues to examine effects on understanding of health risks at exposure and one and six weeks with adult (N=154) and adolescent (N=154) smokers. We hypothesize that the presence of smoking cues will have opposite effects of warning images, increasing perceptions that smoking is less risky.

抽象的 烟草使用仍然是美国最大的可预防死亡率来源。此应用程序响应 TD“家庭烟和烟草控制法” （FDA）对许多烟草产品制造和营销的监管权限。公众的看法 对烟草健康后果的理解是FDA监管的核心责任 对公共卫生教育工作的授权，包括监管图形警告，广告和 新产品/改良风险烟草产品确定。项目4旨在研究心理机制 这会影响公众对烟草产品的看法，因为他们在影响方面发挥了核心作用 退出意图和用法。特别是，我们专注于情感唤醒在警告上的作用 香烟包装更有效，同时，其在品牌广告和促销中的作用可能会产生 烟草产品的风险较小。情感唤醒很重要，因为它的存在与 改善了长期记忆和信息的理解。通过实验性地操纵有力地操纵 引起提示（图形图像和吸烟提示），该研究的目的三个旨在确定方法 最大化健康信息的长期有效性。在AIM 1中，我们将通过实验测试图形的效果 图像（在唤醒中有所不同）在理解基于文本的吸烟风险信息的短期和长期方面。到 实现这一目标，我们建议将136名成人和136名青少年吸烟者随机化，以换取各种图像条件 在唤醒中（无图像，低，中或高唤醒）和时间点（立即，一周或六个 几周）测试风险理解，感知，干旱使用。我们预测会产生更多引起的图像 更大的长期理解。 AIM 2使用类似的设计并检查对长期理解的唤醒影响 数值健康风险。我们假设数值信息将得到更好的理解 随着时间的流逝，在有更多数字能力的个体中，在存在更引起警告图像的情况下。 在AIM 2A中，我们用154个成人干旱154名青少年吸烟者测试绝对风险和相对风险，而AIM 2B包括 154名成年吸烟者并检查百分比与频率格式。最后，对于AIM 3，我们将通过实验 测试存在与不存在亲猎培养子的吸烟线索，以检查对理解的影响 暴露时健康风险，成人（n = 154）和青少年（n = 154）吸烟者的健康风险。我们假设 吸烟提示的存在将对警告图像产生相反的影响，增加感知 吸烟的风险较小。