Developmental Changes in Neural Processes Underlying Inattention, Impulsivity and Regulation

注意力不集中、冲动和调节背后的神经过程的发展变化

• 批准号: 9383725
• 负责人: JULIE B. SCHWEITZER
• 金额: $ 79.44万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-15 至 2022-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9383725
• 关键词: Accidents; Achievement; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent and Young Adult; Affect; Age; Age-Years; Amygdaloid structure; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Assay; Brain; Brain region; Corpus striatum structure; Coupling; Data; Data Collection; Data Set; Development; Diagnosis; Diffusion; Dimensions; Disease; Dorsal; Emotional; Emotions; Equilibrium; Family; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Future; Grant; Health; Image; Imaging Techniques; Impairment; Impulsive Behavior; Impulsivity; Individual; Individual Differences; Informal Social Control; Investigation; Lead; Life; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Mental Health; Modality; Modeling; Multimodal Imaging; National Institute of Mental Health; Nature; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Occupational; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Performance; Persons; Prefrontal Cortex; Prevention program; Process; Psychopathology; Recruitment Activity; Regulation; Remittance; Reproducibility; Research Design; Research Domain Criteria; Rewards; Risk; Role; Self-Injurious Behavior; Self-control as a personality trait; Social Responsibility; Societies; Strategic Planning; Student Dropouts; Subgroup; Substance Use Disorder; Suicide; Suicide attempt; Surface; Symptoms; System; Testing; Time; Triad Acrylic Resin; United States National Institutes of Health; Ventral Striatum; Visceral; base; behavior rating scale; brain behavior; clinically significant; cognitive control; cognitive development; cohort; critical developmental period; early adolescence; emerging adult; emotion regulation; functional outcomes; high school; inattention; innovation; intervention program; longitudinal design; neurodevelopment; neuroimaging; physical conditioning; predictive marker; predictive modeling; prevent; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; resilience; response; substance use prevention; young adult

Problems with impulsivity are of major relevance to public health as they affect not only individuals but also society as a whole. High impulsivity is associated with a myriad of poor outcomes including psychopathology, substance use disorders, low educational and occupational attainment, poor physical health, and high accident rates [11-17]. Impulsivity presents on a spectrum and persons with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) lie at the extreme of the continuum. In this revised competing R01 renewal we propose a four-time-point longitudinal study design, adding the acquisition of two time points to the previous two acquisitions of the initial cohort using task-based functional and diffusion tensor (DTI) neuroimaging data, with a new emphasis on how emotional functioning relates to impulsivity. To address the dimensional nature of impulsivity we will also add a group of individuals with subclinical ratings of impulsivity, to explore how the full range and persistence of impulsivity over time affects outcomes. We will now extend the age range from the initial data collection at 12 to 25 years to 15 to 30 years in the previously recruited neurotypicals (NT) and participants with ADHD. We will focus on impulsivity-related outcomes that are more likely to emerge in the 15 to 30-year age span such as irritability, emotional lability, psychiatric and substance use disorders, self-harm and suicide attempts, and academic and occupational dysfunction. We hypothesize that the strength of the structural connectivity between (1) the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and dorsal striatum pathway will predict individual differences in impulsivity, with greater negative coupling between the DLPFC and dorsal striatum associated with greater impulse control. We posit that this connection will strengthen with maturity. We also hypothesize that increased connectivity strength between (2) the ventral striatum and the amygdala will predict more impulsive behavior. We aim to characterize in a multi-modal (fMRI, DTI, behavior) longitudinal imaging investigation: (a) how these changes emerge from early adolescence through young adulthood and (b) how these developmental changes are reflected in persons ranging from typical through elevated and significant impulsivity. Furthermore, we will assess how brain connectivity and behavior differ between persons with ADHD who continue to express impulsive decisions (persisters) versus those who are no longer making impulsive decisions (remitters) during the transition into young adulthood. We will also assess how functioning in these neural systems (e.g., DLPFC & striatum) may be moderated by and associated with irritability and degree of emotional regulation. Extending an aim from the original grant, we will test the relation between brain functioning and real-world functioning, including occupational achievement, presence of psychopathology, self-harm, and substance use disorders. We will also assess what factors lead to more resilience. At the conclusion of our study we will identify age-specific targets for decreasing impulsivity and preventing self-harm during a period of heightened vulnerability and opportunity.

冲动性问题与公共卫生有很大相关，因为它们不仅会影响个人 但也是整个社会。高冲动性与无数不良的结果有关 心理病理学，药物使用障碍，低教育和职业成就，身体健康不良， 和高事故率[11-17]。冲动性呈现在频谱上，并具有注意力缺陷/ 多动症（ADHD）位于连续体的极端。在此修订的竞争R01续订中，我们 提出了四次纵向研究设计，将两个时间点的获取添加到了前两个时间点 使用基于任务的功能和扩散张量（DTI）神经成像数据的初始队列的获取 新的强调情绪功能与冲动的关系。解决的尺寸性质 冲动性我们还将添加一组具有亚临床等级的人，以探讨如何充分 冲动的范围和持久性会影响结果。现在，我们将延长年龄范围 先前招募的神经型（NT）和 ADHD的参与者。我们将重点关注与冲动性相关的结果，这些结果更有可能在15 到30岁的年龄，例如烦躁，情绪不稳定，精神病和药物使用障碍，自我伤害 和自杀企图以及学术和职业功能障碍。我们假设 （1）背侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）和背纹状体途径之间的结构连通性 预测冲动性的个体差异，DLPFC和背侧之间具有更大的负耦合 纹状体与更大的冲动控制相关。我们认为，这种联系将以成熟度加强。我们 还假设（2）腹侧纹状体和杏仁核之间的连接强度提高了 预测更冲动的行为。我们的目的是表征多模式（fMRI，DTI，行为）纵向 成像研究：（a）这些变化如何从青春期到成年和（b）出现 这些发展变化如何反映在典型到升高和重要的人中 冲动。此外，我们将评估ADHD患者之间的大脑连通性和行为如何不同 谁继续表达冲动的决定（持久）与不再有冲动的人 在过渡到年轻成年期间的决定（汇款）。我们还将评估这些功能如何 神经系统（例如，DLPFC和纹状体）可能会受到烦躁和程度的主持和程度 情绪调节。从原始赠款中扩展目标，我们将测试大脑功能之间的关系 和现实世界的功能，包括职业成就，精神病理学的存在，自我伤害和 物质使用障碍。我们还将评估哪些因素会带来更多的弹性。在我们的研究结束时 我们将确定特定年龄的目标，以降低冲动性和防止自我伤害 增加脆弱性和机会。