Developmental Changes in Neural Processes Underlying Inattention, Impulsivity and Regulation

注意力不集中、冲动和调节背后的神经过程的发展变化

• 批准号: 9383725
• 负责人: JULIE B. SCHWEITZER
• 金额: $ 79.44万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-15 至 2022-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9383725
• 关键词: Accidents; Achievement; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent and Young Adult; Affect; Age; Age-Years; Amygdaloid structure; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Assay; Brain; Brain region; Corpus striatum structure; Coupling; Data; Data Collection; Data Set; Development; Diagnosis; Diffusion; Dimensions; Disease; Dorsal; Emotional; Emotions; Equilibrium; Family; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Future; Grant; Health; Image; Imaging Techniques; Impairment; Impulsive Behavior; Impulsivity; Individual; Individual Differences; Informal Social Control; Investigation; Lead; Life; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Mental Health; Modality; Modeling; Multimodal Imaging; National Institute of Mental Health; Nature; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Occupational; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Performance; Persons; Prefrontal Cortex; Prevention program; Process; Psychopathology; Recruitment Activity; Regulation; Remittance; Reproducibility; Research Design; Research Domain Criteria; Rewards; Risk; Role; Self-Injurious Behavior; Self-control as a personality trait; Social Responsibility; Societies; Strategic Planning; Student Dropouts; Subgroup; Substance Use Disorder; Suicide; Suicide attempt; Surface; Symptoms; System; Testing; Time; Triad Acrylic Resin; United States National Institutes of Health; Ventral Striatum; Visceral; base; behavior rating scale; brain behavior; clinically significant; cognitive control; cognitive development; cohort; critical developmental period; early adolescence; emerging adult; emotion regulation; functional outcomes; high school; inattention; innovation; intervention program; longitudinal design; neurodevelopment; neuroimaging; physical conditioning; predictive marker; predictive modeling; prevent; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; resilience; response; substance use prevention; young adult

Problems with impulsivity are of major relevance to public health as they affect not only individuals but also society as a whole. High impulsivity is associated with a myriad of poor outcomes including psychopathology, substance use disorders, low educational and occupational attainment, poor physical health, and high accident rates [11-17]. Impulsivity presents on a spectrum and persons with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) lie at the extreme of the continuum. In this revised competing R01 renewal we propose a four-time-point longitudinal study design, adding the acquisition of two time points to the previous two acquisitions of the initial cohort using task-based functional and diffusion tensor (DTI) neuroimaging data, with a new emphasis on how emotional functioning relates to impulsivity. To address the dimensional nature of impulsivity we will also add a group of individuals with subclinical ratings of impulsivity, to explore how the full range and persistence of impulsivity over time affects outcomes. We will now extend the age range from the initial data collection at 12 to 25 years to 15 to 30 years in the previously recruited neurotypicals (NT) and participants with ADHD. We will focus on impulsivity-related outcomes that are more likely to emerge in the 15 to 30-year age span such as irritability, emotional lability, psychiatric and substance use disorders, self-harm and suicide attempts, and academic and occupational dysfunction. We hypothesize that the strength of the structural connectivity between (1) the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and dorsal striatum pathway will predict individual differences in impulsivity, with greater negative coupling between the DLPFC and dorsal striatum associated with greater impulse control. We posit that this connection will strengthen with maturity. We also hypothesize that increased connectivity strength between (2) the ventral striatum and the amygdala will predict more impulsive behavior. We aim to characterize in a multi-modal (fMRI, DTI, behavior) longitudinal imaging investigation: (a) how these changes emerge from early adolescence through young adulthood and (b) how these developmental changes are reflected in persons ranging from typical through elevated and significant impulsivity. Furthermore, we will assess how brain connectivity and behavior differ between persons with ADHD who continue to express impulsive decisions (persisters) versus those who are no longer making impulsive decisions (remitters) during the transition into young adulthood. We will also assess how functioning in these neural systems (e.g., DLPFC & striatum) may be moderated by and associated with irritability and degree of emotional regulation. Extending an aim from the original grant, we will test the relation between brain functioning and real-world functioning, including occupational achievement, presence of psychopathology, self-harm, and substance use disorders. We will also assess what factors lead to more resilience. At the conclusion of our study we will identify age-specific targets for decreasing impulsivity and preventing self-harm during a period of heightened vulnerability and opportunity.

冲动问题与公共健康密切相关，因为它们不仅影响个人 也是整个社会。高度冲动与许多不良结果相关，包括 精神病理学、药物滥用障碍、教育和职业水平低、身体健康状况不佳、 事故率高[11-17]。冲动表现在一系列和注意力缺陷的人/ 多动症（ADHD）处于连续体的极端。在这次修订后的竞争性 R01 更新中，我们 提出四时间点纵向研究设计，在前两个时间点的基础上增加两个时间点的采集 使用基于任务的功能和扩散张量（DTI）神经影像数据采集初始队列， 新强调情绪功能与冲动之间的关系。为了解决维度性质 我们还将添加一组具有亚临床冲动评级的个体，以探索如何充分 随着时间的推移，冲动的范围和持续性会影响结果。我们现在将年龄范围从 在先前招募的神经典型患者 (NT) 中收集 12 至 25 岁至 15 至 30 岁的初始数据 患有多动症的参与者。我们将重点关注 15 年内更有可能出现的与冲动相关的结果。 年龄跨度至 30 岁，如易怒、情绪不稳定、精神和药物滥用障碍、自残 自杀未遂，以及学业和职业功能障碍。我们假设 的强度 (1) 背外侧前额叶皮层 (DLPFC) 和背侧纹状体通路之间的结构连接 预测冲动的个体差异，DLPFC 和背侧皮质之间存在更大的负耦合 纹状体与更强的冲动控制有关。我们认为这种联系会随着成熟而加强。我们 还假设（2）腹侧纹状体和杏仁核之间的连接强度增加将 预测更多的冲动行为。我们的目标是通过多模态（fMRI、DTI、行为）纵向表征 影像学研究：(a) 这些变化如何从青春期早期到成年早期出现，(b) 这些发展变化如何反映在从典型到高级和显着的人身上 冲动。此外，我们将评估多动症患者的大脑连接和行为有何不同 继续表达冲动决定（坚持）的人和不再做出冲动决定的人 向青年期过渡期间的决定（汇款人）。我们还将评估这些方面的运作情况 神经系统（例如 DLPFC 和纹状体）可能受到烦躁和烦躁程度的调节并与之相关。 情绪调节。扩展最初拨款的目标，我们将测试大脑功能之间的关系 和现实世界的功能，包括职业成就、精神病理学的存在、自残和 物质使用障碍。我们还将评估哪些因素可以增强弹性。在我们的研究结束时 我们将确定特定年龄的目标，以减少冲动并防止自残 脆弱性和机会增加。