Feasibility of Shaping Tolerance for Delayed Rewards in Impulsive 3-5 year olds

塑造3-5岁冲动儿童延迟奖励容忍度的可行性

• 批准号: 9180652
• 负责人: JULIE B. SCHWEITZER
• 金额: $ 7.85万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-25 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9180652
• 关键词: 5 year old; Affect; Age; Automobile Driving; Biological Assay; Candy; Cellular Phone; Child; Child Mental Health; Clinical Trials; Computers; Control Groups; Data; Development; Developmental Disabilities; Devices; Early Intervention; Ensure; Exhibits; Experimental Designs; Family; Future; Goals; Hour; Impulsivity; Individual; Intervention; Laboratories; Learning; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Methods; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Nursery Schools; Parents; Pilot Projects; Play; Prevention; Prevention program; Procedures; Process; Research; Rewards; Self-control as a personality trait; Shapes; Societies; Strategic Planning; Substance abuse problem; Suicide attempt; System; Systems Theory; Tablets; Technology; Testing; Time; Training; Training Programs; Translations; aged; base; cognitive control; cognitive training; computerized; cost; design; discounting; executive function; experience; improved; innovation; intervention program; kindergarten; mobile application; personalized intervention; physical conditioning; public health relevance; response; social; success; teacher

Problems with self-control are of major relevance to public health as they are associated with increased substance abuse, impulsive suicidality, poor academic and social success, financial planning, physical and mental health, impacting both individuals and society. The development of self-control is a critically important process toward success in the school environment and in peer relationships, yet there are few nonpharmacological approaches that have been successful in increasing self-control. Parents prefer nonpharmacological approaches, particularly for young children. A study by Schweitzer and Sulzer-Azaroff [1] demonstrated that self-control could be increased in preschool-aged children with high rates of impulsivity by using a “shaping” procedure in which delays to larger, more delayed rewards were gradually increased. This finding has yet to be replicated. Our goal in this current proof of project study is to test the feasibility of adapting the procedure to gaming technology. In this proof of concept study we will develop and test an Android-based application, DelTA (delay tolerance app), designed to run on current generation tablet computers and cell phones and assess its feasibility for increasing choices of larger delayed rewards over small, sooner rewards. The app will be designed to present choices to the children between immediate, short periods of game playing versus delayed, longer periods of game playing. The delays to the game playing will be gradually increased, thereby teaching the child “tolerance” to delay, or self-control, as the child learns to wait for the reward. The app will also titrate the delays to the reward depending upon the child’s individual response. This project is necessary to help identify the procedures necessary to assess self-control in this age group, including the timing and size of the rewards used in the procedures, for preparation of a clinical trial. The use of real time rewards in the experimental setting with humans is rare, but also potentially much more effective over the traditional use of hypothetical rewards and delays. Our real time, “consumable-game playing rewards” will be developmentally appropriate and ecologically-valid. This proof of concept project is necessary to establish feasibility including to test if gaming technology can be used to deliver the rewards in discrete units, for this age group, in a manner that is developmentally appropriate. Findings from this project will then be used to further modify the intervention and to ultimately test it in future R21 or R01 projects that will develop ways to build in generalization of the intervention to the home and school environment. This project is consistent with the translational approach in response to NIDA’s Prevention and Treatment Objectives in the 2010 Strategic Plan and NIMH’s RDoC Objective “Developing new ways of classifying mental disorders based on dimensions of observable behavior and neurobiological measures.”

自我控制的问题与公共卫生有很大相关，因为它们与增加有关 药物滥用，冲动自杀，学术成就和社会成功率差，财务计划，身体和 心理健康，影响个人和社会。自我控制的发展是至关重要的 在学校环境和同伴关系中取得成功的过程，但很少 在增加自我控制方面已经成功的非药理学方法。父母喜欢 非药理学方法，特别是对于幼儿。 Schweitzer和Sulzer-Azaroff的研究[1] 证明，在幼年的孩子中，自我控制可能会增加 使用“塑造”程序，其中延迟到更大，更延迟的奖励逐渐增加。这 发现尚未复制。我们目前的项目研究证明的目标是测试 将程序适应游戏技术。在此概念研究证明中，我们将开发和测试 基于Android的应用程序Delta（延迟公差应用），旨在在当前一代平板电脑上运行 计算机和手机以及评估其增加较大延迟奖励选择的可行性 小，更早的奖励。该应用程序将旨在向即时，简短之间的儿童提供选择 游戏时期与延迟，更长的游戏玩法。游戏的延迟将 随着孩子学会的 等待奖励。该应用还将根据孩子的个人滴定延迟奖励 回复。该项目对于确定评估自我控制所需的程序是必要的 组，包括程序中使用的奖励的时间和大小，用于准备临床试验。 在人类实验环境中使用实时奖励很少见，但也有可能更多 在传统使用假设的奖励和延误方面有效。我们的实时，“消耗游戏玩法 奖励”将在开发适当的和生态的综合性上。此概念证明是必要的 确定可行性，包括测试游戏技术是否可以用于离散提供奖励 对于这个年龄段的单位，以一种适当的方式。 然后，该项目的发现将用于进一步修改干预措施并最终对其进行测试 未来的R21或R01项目，将开发出在对家庭干预概括的概括中建立方法的方法 学校环境。该项目与响应NIDA预防的转化方法一致 以及2010年战略计划中的治疗目标和NIMH的RDOC目标“开发新的方式 根据可观察到的行为和神经生物学测量的维度对精神障碍进行分类。”