Center for the Study of Aphasia Recovery (C-STAR)

失语症康复研究中心 (C-STAR)

• 批准号: 9083041
• 负责人: JULIUS FRIDRIKSSON
• 金额: $ 229.16万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA AT COLUMBIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-04-01 至 2021-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9083041
• 关键词: Acute; Adult; Affect; Age; American; Anatomy; Aphasia; Area; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Injuries; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Cerebrum; Chronic; Clinical; Cognitive; Collaborations; Collection; Communication; Consult; Data; Data Collection; Data Set; Diagnosis; Doctor of Philosophy; Dorsal; Education; Elderly; Electric Stimulation; Electrical Stimulation of the Brain; Employment; Employment Opportunities; Family; Friends; Goals; Impairment; Individual; Language; Language Disorders; Lead; Left; Lesion; Life; Life Expectancy; Linguistics; Literature; Location; Machine Learning; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Meta-Analysis; Modeling; Neuroanatomy; Outcome; Patients; Performance; Perfusion; Phase; Prevalence; Procedures; Process; Prognostic Marker; Public Health; Qualifying; Quality of life; Recovery; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Residual state; Resources; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor; Semantics; Severities; Social isolation; South Carolina; Speech; Staging; Stream; Stroke; Structure; Testing; Time; Translations; Treatment Effectiveness; Treatment outcome; United States; Work; acute stroke; aphasia recovery; aphasic; behavior test; chronic stroke; clinical practice; cost; disability; experience; fitness; hemisphere damage; improved; improved outcome; individual patient; language impairment; language processing; mortality; neuroimaging; neurophysiology; outcome forecast; phonology; predicting response; predictive modeling; prevent; public health relevance; response; speech processing; stroke survivor; success; theories; treatment response; wasting

 DESCRIPTION (Description as provided by applicant): Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability in the United States, making it a major public health concern (1). The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimates the annual cost of stroke in the United States to be $36.5 billion (1). Accordingly, it is clear that the negative personal and societal impact of stroke is vry high. Stroke is typically thought to affect older persons; however, many younger individuals also suffer strokes. For example, at least half of all stroke patients in the state of South Carolina ar under the age of 60 (2). Approximately a quarter of all chronic stroke survivors present with aphasia, a language disorder caused by damage to the speech and language areas of the brain (3, 4). The prevalence of chronic aphasia in the United States is estimated to be one million. Aphasia can vary in severity from very profound impairment that renders patients mute and without the ability to understand others' speech, to milder forms where patients have great difficulty retrieving specific words. In the chronic stage of stroke, aphasia has been identified a the strongest predictor of poor quality of life. Aphasia not only influences the ability to communicate with family and friends, but also drastically decreases education and employment opportunities. Although some degree of spontaneous recovery from aphasia is typical in the first weeks and months following stroke, many patients are left with devastating communication problems. Once aphasia has become a chronic condition, the only road to recovery is through aphasia therapy. Several meta-analysis studies suggest that aphasia therapy is effective. In spite of decades of research, very little is known about which patients benefit the most from treatment and what kind of treatment should be administered to patients with different impairment profiles. The overarching goal of the research proposed here is to improve aphasia treatment effectiveness as well as identify patient factors that can be used to improve diagnosis of language impairment, guide aphasia treatment, and predict prognosis. Specifically, the focus of our center (Center for the Study of Aphasia Recovery; C-STAR) is to examine the extent to which factors such as behavioral aphasia treatment, electrical brain stimulation, and residual brain function influence aphasia recovery. To accomplish our research goals, this project will rely on collaboration among four main investigators: Drs. Julius Fridriksson, Argye Hillis, Chris Rorden, and Greg Hickok. Projects led by Fridriksson (chronic patients) and Hillis (acute patients) will focus on factors that may promote improved outcome of aphasia therapy. Both projects will yield a vast, unique dataset including measures of brain status and response to aphasia treatment. Relying on this dataset, Rorden's project will predict recovery from aphasia using machine learning approaches whereas Hickok will utilize the same data to better understand aphasic impairment in relation to contemporary models of speech and language processing.

 描述（描述由适用的描述）：中风是美国成人残疾的主要原因，使其成为主要的公共卫生问题（1）。疾病控制中心（CDC）估计，美国中风的年成本为365亿美元（1）。根据以下内容，很明显，中风的负面影响和社会影响很高。通常认为中风会影响老年人。但是，许多年轻人也遭受中风。例如，在60岁以下的南卡罗来纳州AR州至少一半的中风患者中，至少有一半（2）。大约四分之一的慢性中风存活中出现失语症，这种语言障碍是由于对大脑的言语和语言区域的损害引起的（3，4）。据估计，美国慢性失语症的流行率为一百万。失语症的严重性可能会因非常严重的障碍而变化，从而使患者静音并且没有理解他人言语的能力，到患者很难检索特定单词的米勒形式。在中风的慢性阶段，失语症已被确定为生活质量差的有力预测指标。失语症不仅会影响与家人和朋友交流的能力，而且会大大减少教育和就业机会。尽管在中风后的头几周和几个月中，从失语症中恢复了一定程度的赞助，但许多患者遭受了毁灭性的沟通问题。一旦失语症已成为慢性病，康复的唯一道路就是通过失语治疗。几项荟萃分析研究表明，失语症治疗是有效的。尽管有数十年的研究，但对哪些患者从治疗中受益最大，以及应对不同损伤谱的患者进行哪种治疗的了解很少。这里提出的研究的总体目标是提高失语症治疗效果，并确定可用于改善语言障碍诊断，指导失语症治疗和预测性预后的患者因素。具体而言，我们中心（失语症恢复研究中心； C-Star）的重点是检查行为失语症治疗，电脑刺激和残留脑功能等因素的程度。为了实现我们的研究目标，该项目将依靠四个主要研究人员之间的协作：DRS。朱利叶斯·弗里德里克森（Julius Fridriksson），阿吉·希利斯（Argye Hillis），克里斯·罗登（Chris Rorden）和格雷格·希科克（Greg Hickok）。弗里德里克森（慢性患者）和希尔斯（急性患者）领导的项目将重点关注可能促进失语症治疗结果的因素。这两个项目都将产生一个庞大的独特数据集，包括大脑状况的措施和对失语症治疗的反应。依靠该数据集，Rorden的项目将使用机器学习方法预测失语症的恢复，而Hickok将利用相同的数据来更好地了解与当代语音和语言处理模型有关的失语性障碍。