Adverse metabolic effects of dietary sugar: Ad libitum vs energy-balanced diets

膳食糖对代谢的不利影响：随意饮食与能量平衡饮食

• 批准号: 9283193
• 负责人: PETER J HAVEL
• 金额: $ 3.05万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-27 至 2019-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9283193
• 关键词: Adipose tissue; Adult; Adverse effects; Apolipoproteins B; Aspartame; Beverages; Blinded; Body Weight; Calories; Carbohydrates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Consumption; Control Groups; Data; Deposition; Development; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Dietary Intervention; Dietary Sugars; Energy Intake; Exhibits; Fasting; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Food; Fructose; Glucose; Guidelines; Health; Health Policy; Hepatic; Intake; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Investigation; Kinetics; Lead; Lipids; Lipoproteins; Liver; Low-Density Lipoproteins; Macronutrients Nutrition; Measures; Mediating; Metabolic; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolism; Milk; Muscle; Plasma; Procedures; Process; Production; Proteins; Public Health; Randomized; Reporting; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Factors; Sucrose; Testing; Very low density lipoprotein; Visceral; Weight Gain; Woman; blood lipid; carbohydrate metabolism; dietary control; energy balance; glucose tolerance; insulin sensitivity; lipid biosynthesis; lipid metabolism; lipoprotein lipase; men; oxidation; prevent; soft drink; sugar; sweetened beverage

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recent studies have demonstrated that consuming high fructose corn syrup (HFCS)- or sucrose-sweetened beverages increased lipid/lipoprotein risk factors for CVD in healthy adults compared with iso-caloric amounts of glucose or low-fat milk. The longest of these studies, which utilized a 6-month intervention, also showed increased liver and muscle TG and increased visceral adipose deposition. Neither of these studies found differences in weight gain between subjects consuming HFCS/sucrose beverages compared with control beverages. These results suggest that it is not just excess calories and weight gain that mediate the effects of dietary sugar/fructose on the development of metabolic disease; rather, dietary sugar per se is also a contributor. However, it is not known whether consumption of excessive amounts of sugar can increase risk factors for metabolic disease in the absence of positive energy balance and weight gain, nor whether the adverse effects of sugar consumption are exacerbated by weight gain. This study will test the overall hypotheses that consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages increases risk factors for metabolic disease even when consumed with an energy-balanced diet that prevents weight gain, and that risk factors are increased to a greater extent when HFCS-sweetened beverages are consumed in a setting of positive energy balance that results in weight gain. We will also test the hypothesis, that under blinded, controlled, dietary conditions, consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages will increase energy intake and body weight gain more than consumption of aspartame-sweetened beverages. We will measure risk factors and processes associated with metabolic disease in 3 groups of young, healthy adults who will consume 1) 25% of energy requirement as HFCS-sweetened beverages with an energy-balanced diet; 2) 25% of energy requirement as HFCS- sweetened beverages with an ad libitum diet; or 3) aspartame-sweetened beverages with an ad libitum diet for 8 weeks. All diets, formulated to achieve a comparable macronutrient intake (55% energy as carbohydrate, 35% fat, 15% protein) among all 3 experimental groups, will be provided to the subjects throughout the entire study. We hypothesize that consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages with the energy-balanced diet will result in adverse metabolic effects, despite the absence of weight gain. Consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages with the ad libitum diet will result in increased energy intake and body weight gain compared with aspartame-sweetened beverages, and will also result in adverse metabolic effects that are more marked than with consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages with the energy-balanced diet. These results will demonstrate that consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages increases risk for metabolic disease both directly, via the adverse effects of fructose on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and indirectly, via the effects of HFCS-sweetened beverages to promote excess energy intake and body weight gain. These findings will have the potential to influence dietary guidelines and public health policy.

描述（由申请人提供）：最近的研究表明，与等热量的葡萄糖或低脂牛奶相比，饮用高果糖玉米糖浆 (HFCS) 或蔗糖甜味饮料会增加健康成人心血管疾病的脂质/脂蛋白风险因素。这些研究中最长的一项采用了 6 个月的干预措施，也显示肝脏和肌肉 TG 增加，内脏脂肪沉积增加。这两项研究均未发现食用高果糖玉米糖浆/蔗糖饮料的受试者与对照饮料的受试者之间体重增加存在差异。这些结果表明，不仅仅是过量的热量和体重增加介导了膳食糖/果糖对代谢疾病发展的影响；相反，膳食糖本身也是一个因素。然而，尚不清楚在缺乏正能量平衡和体重增加的情况下，摄入过量糖是否会增加代谢疾病的危险因素，也不知道体重增加是否会加剧糖摄入的不利影响。这项研究将检验总体假设，即即使与防止体重增加的能量平衡饮食一起饮用，饮用 HFCS 含糖饮料也会增加代谢疾病的危险因素，并且当饮用 HFCS 含糖饮料时，危险因素会更大程度地增加。在能量正平衡的情况下消耗，导致体重增加。我们还将检验以下假设：在盲目、受控的饮食条件下，饮用 HFCS 含糖饮料会比饮用阿斯巴甜含糖饮料更多地增加能量摄入和体重增加。我们将测量 3 组年轻健康成年人与代谢疾病相关的风险因素和过程，他们将消耗 1) 25% 的能量需求作为 HFCS 含糖饮料和能量平衡饮食； 2) 25% 的能量需求为 HFCS 甜味饮料和随意饮食；或 3) 阿斯巴甜含糖饮料，并随意饮食，持续 8 周。在整个研究过程中，将向受试者提供所有饮食，以在所有 3 个实验组中实现可比较的常量营养素摄入量（55% 能量为碳水化合物、35% 脂肪、15% 蛋白质）。我们假设，尽管体重没有增加，但在能量平衡饮食中饮用 HFCS 含糖饮料会导致代谢不良影响。与随意饮食中饮用 HFCS 含糖饮料相比，与含阿斯巴甜的饮料相比，会导致能量摄入增加和体重增加，并且还会导致比饮用 HFCS 含糖饮料和阿斯巴甜饮料更明显的不良代谢效应。能量平衡的饮食。这些结果将表明，饮用 HFCS 含糖饮料会通过果糖对脂质和碳水化合物代谢的不利影响直接增加代谢疾病的风险，并通过 HFCS 含糖饮料促进能量摄入过多和体重增加而间接增加代谢疾病的风险。获得。这些发现将有可能影响饮食指南和公共卫生政策。