Adverse Metabolic Effects of Dietary Sugar _ Ad Libitum vs Energy-Balanced Diets

膳食糖的不良代谢影响_随意饮食与能量平衡饮食

• 批准号: 9102557
• 负责人: PETER J HAVEL
• 金额: $ 6.58万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-27 至 2019-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9102557
• 关键词: Adipose tissue; Adult; Adverse effects; Apolipoproteins B; Aspartame; Beverages; Blinded; Body Weight; Calories; Carbohydrates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Consumption; Control Groups; Data; Deposition; Development; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Dietary Intervention; Dietary Sugars; Energy Intake; Exhibits; Fasting; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Food; Fructose; Glucose; Guidelines; Health; Health Policy; Hepatic; Intake; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Investigation; Kinetics; Lead; Lipids; Lipoproteins; Liver; Low-Density Lipoproteins; Macronutrients Nutrition; Measures; Mediating; Metabolic; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolism; Milk; Muscle; Plasma; Procedures; Process; Production; Proteins; Public Health; Randomized; Reporting; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Factors; Sucrose; Testing; Very low density lipoprotein; Visceral; Weight Gain; Woman; blood lipid; carbohydrate metabolism; dietary control; energy balance; glucose tolerance; insulin sensitivity; lipid biosynthesis; lipid metabolism; lipoprotein lipase; men; oxidation; prevent; soft drink; sugar; sweetened beverage

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recent studies have demonstrated that consuming high fructose corn syrup (HFCS)- or sucrose-sweetened beverages increased lipid/lipoprotein risk factors for CVD in healthy adults compared with iso-caloric amounts of glucose or low-fat milk. The longest of these studies, which utilized a 6-month intervention, also showed increased liver and muscle TG and increased visceral adipose deposition. Neither of these studies found differences in weight gain between subjects consuming HFCS/sucrose beverages compared with control beverages. These results suggest that it is not just excess calories and weight gain that mediate the effects of dietary sugar/fructose on the development of metabolic disease; rather, dietary sugar per se is also a contributor. However, it is not known whether consumption of excessive amounts of sugar can increase risk factors for metabolic disease in the absence of positive energy balance and weight gain, nor whether the adverse effects of sugar consumption are exacerbated by weight gain. This study will test the overall hypotheses that consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages increases risk factors for metabolic disease even when consumed with an energy-balanced diet that prevents weight gain, and that risk factors are increased to a greater extent when HFCS-sweetened beverages are consumed in a setting of positive energy balance that results in weight gain. We will also test the hypothesis, that under blinded, controlled, dietary conditions, consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages will increase energy intake and body weight gain more than consumption of aspartame-sweetened beverages. We will measure risk factors and processes associated with metabolic disease in 3 groups of young, healthy adults who will consume 1) 25% of energy requirement as HFCS-sweetened beverages with an energy-balanced diet; 2) 25% of energy requirement as HFCS- sweetened beverages with an ad libitum diet; or 3) aspartame-sweetened beverages with an ad libitum diet for 8 weeks. All diets, formulated to achieve a comparable macronutrient intake (55% energy as carbohydrate, 35% fat, 15% protein) among all 3 experimental groups, will be provided to the subjects throughout the entire study. We hypothesize that consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages with the energy-balanced diet will result in adverse metabolic effects, despite the absence of weight gain. Consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages with the ad libitum diet will result in increased energy intake and body weight gain compared with aspartame-sweetened beverages, and will also result in adverse metabolic effects that are more marked than with consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages with the energy-balanced diet. These results will demonstrate that consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages increases risk for metabolic disease both directly, via the adverse effects of fructose on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and indirectly, via the effects of HFCS-sweetened beverages to promote excess energy intake and body weight gain. These findings will have the potential to influence dietary guidelines and public health policy.

描述（由申请人提供）：最近的研究表明，与葡萄糖或低脂牛奶相比，健康成年人中CVD的含量高果糖玉米糖浆（HFCS）或蔗糖 - 味的饮料增加了CVD的脂质/脂蛋白风险因素。这些研究最长的研究使用了6个月的干预，还显示出肝和肌肉TG的增加，内脏脂肪沉积增加。这些研究都没有发现与对照饮料相比，食用HFC/蔗糖饮料的受试者之间的体重增加差异。这些结果表明，介导饮食糖/果糖对代谢疾病发展的影响不仅是过量的卡路里和体重增加。相反，饮食糖本身也是一个贡献者。但是，尚不清楚在没有正能量平衡和体重增加的情况下，是否会增加代谢疾病的危险因素是否会增加危险因素，也不会因体重增加而加剧糖消耗的不利影响。这项研究将检验总体假设，即即使用能够防止体重增加的能量平衡的饮食消费，HFCS饮料的消费也会增加代谢疾病的危险因素，并且当HFCS-刺激的饮料在产生体重增加的正能量平衡的情况下消耗hfcs-刺激的饮料时，危险因素会增加。我们还将检验以下假设：在盲目，受控的饮食状况下，消耗HFCS味的饮料将增加能量摄入量，而体重增加不仅仅是体重增加的饮料的消费量超过了阿斯巴甜味的饮料。我们将在3组年轻，健康的成年人中衡量与代谢疾病相关的危险因素和过程，他们将消耗1）25％的能源需求，因为HFCS-饮料饮料饮食均具有能量平衡的饮食； 2）25％的能源需求作为HFCS-饮食饮食的HFCS-甜饮料；或3）随意饮食的阿斯巴甜饮料持续8周。在整个研究中，所有饮食均旨在实现可比的大量营养素摄入量（55％作为碳水化合物的能量为碳水化合物，35％脂肪，15％蛋白质），在整个研究中将提供给受试者。我们假设，尽管没有体重增加，但饮食饮食的消费将导致不良代谢作用。与Aspartame-Sweetened饮料相比，用特征饮食饮用HFCS甜饮料将导致能量摄入量和体重增加，并且还将导致不良代谢作用，而不利的代谢作用比使用HFCS-S-Sweetened饮料的消费更明显。这些结果将表明，HFCS甜饮料的消费通过果糖对脂质和碳水化合物代谢的不利影响直接增加了代谢疾病的风险，并通过HFCS-Sweetended饮料的影响间接地增加了饮料，从而促进过量的能量摄入和体重增加。这些发现将有可能影响饮食指南和公共卫生政策。