Novel Circadian Exposure Metrics for Shift Workers

轮班工人的新昼夜暴露指标

• 批准号: 9015953
• 负责人: EVA S SCHERNHAMMER
• 金额: $ 22.64万
• 依托单位: BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9015953
• 关键词: Novel; Circadian; Exposure; Metrics; Shift

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Shift work is a predictor of chronic disease risk. However, to date, the critical dose of exposure to shift work required to impact health remains unclear. We seek to develop improved exposure metrics to better capture the occupational strain linked to work schedules, and, in particular, shift work. One factor thought to underlie the association between shift work and adverse health outcomes is the interference of work times with the individual 24h-rhythm in physiology and behavior: because activity, food intake and light exposure take place at inappropriate biological times (i.e. during the individual biological night) work schedules induce a certain level of circadian strain (or disruption). Yet 24h-rhythms exhibit large inter-individual variability as far as timing of sleep and wake behavior are concerned; this variability is also referred to as "chronotype". For example, early chronotypes - if free of social and work constraints - tend to fall asleep and wake up significantly earlier in the 24h day than late chronotypes. It appears therefore plausible that occupational circadian strain depends not only on the work schedule itself, but also on an individual's respective chronotype. We aim to address this question by developing novel exposure metrics that rely on the conjunct assessment of chronotype and work schedules and linking them to BMI - a prime mediator of chronic disease risk. In the Nurses' Health Study 3 (NHS3), we implemented highly detailed work schedule assessments. In addition, we also introduced the two prime measures of chronotype. Based on these measures, we will develop two circadian strain metrics that, ultimately, could be applied and generalized to a wide range of studies. We will conduct a systematic comparison of the two chronotype measures and the newly developed circadian strain metrics across work schedules. Next, we will apply these metrics to the Nurses' Health Study 2 and NHS3 to examine associations between occupational circadian strain and body mass index, a central chronic disease mediator that has previously been associated with circadian strain in animal and experimental studies. In sum, we seek to develop widely applicable metrics for personalized occupational risk assessment, reflecting personalized circadian strain as one of the central biological mechanisms linking shift work and adverse health outcomes. Ultimately, these newly developed metrics can be used to examine the relationship between work schedule-associated circadian strain and health and safety outcomes, and identify critical doses for prevention strategies, across industry settings and sectors.

 描述（适用提供）：班次工作是慢性疾病风险的预测指标。但是，迄今为止，影响健康所需的转移工作的关键剂量尚不清楚。我们试图开发改进的曝光指标，以更好地捕获与工作时间表相关的职业压力，尤其是转移工作。一个被认为是基础的因素 班次工作与不利健康结果之间的关联是工作时间与个人24H节律在生理学和行为方面的干扰：因为活动，食物摄入和轻度暴露在不适当的生物学时代（即在个体生物学之夜）工作时间表会引起一定水平的昼夜节律菌株（或破坏）。然而，就睡眠和唤醒行为的时间而言，24H节律表现出很大的个体间变异性。该变异性也称为“计时型”。例如，早期的计时型 - 如果没有社交 和工作的限制 - 在24小时内倾向于睡着并醒来时要比后期的计时型明显早。因此，似乎是合理的，占领的昼夜节律不仅取决于工作时间表本身，而且还取决于个人的各自的计时型。我们的目的是通过开发依赖于时间型和工作时间表的结合评估的新型暴露指标来解决这个问题，并将其与BMI联系起来 - BMI是Chronotype疾病风险的主要介体。在护士健康研究3（NHS3）中，我们实施了高度详细的工作时间表评估。此外，我们还引入了表型的两个主要度量。基于这些措施，我们将开发两个昼夜节律指标，最终可以将其应用于广泛的研究。我们将对两种时型度量进行系统比较，以及在工作时间表之间新开发的昼夜节律指标。接下来，我们将将这些指标应用于护士健康研究2和NHS3，以检查占据昼夜节律菌株和体重指数之间的关联，这是一种以前与动物和实验研究中昼夜节律菌株相关的中央慢性疾病介质。总而言之，我们试图为个性化的占用风险评估开发广泛适用的指标，以反映个性化的昼夜节律，是将班次工作和广告健康成果联系起来的核心生物学机制之一。最终，这些新开发的指标可用于检查与工作计划相关的昼夜节律与健康与安全结果之间的关系，并确定跨行业环境和部门的预防策略的关键剂量。