Multichannel Microstimulation of Primary Afferent Neurons to Restore Propriocepti

初级传入神经元的多通道微刺激恢复本体感觉

• 批准号: 8895424
• 负责人: MICHAEL L. BONINGER
• 金额: $ 49.73万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-01 至 2016-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8895424
• 关键词: Acoustic Nerve; Address; Afferent Neurons; Amputation; Anesthesia procedures; Animal Model; Animals; Area; Artificial Arm; Auditory; Behavior; Brain; Cochlear Implants; Code; Cues; Development; Devices; Diabetes Mellitus; Discrimination; Effectiveness; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Equilibrium; Esthesia; Evaluation; Feedback; Felis catus; Fiber; Fostering; Funding; Future; Goals; Grant; Hearing; Human; Implant; Implanted Electrodes; Investigation; Leg; Life; Limb Prosthesis; Limb structure; Location; Measures; Microelectrodes; Military Personnel; Modality; Modeling; Motor; Movement; Musculoskeletal Equilibrium; Nature; Neuraxis; Neurons; Pattern; Peripheral; Physiologic pulse; Physiological; Population; Postural response; Property; Pulse Rates; Reaction; Recruitment Activity; Role; Sensory; Series; Signal Transduction; Somatosensory Cortex; Spinal Ganglia; Tactile; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Training; Trauma; United States National Institutes of Health; Variant; Vascular Diseases; Work; animal model development; arm; awake; base; behavioral response; brain machine interface; deafness; joint mobilization; limb amputation; limb movement; microstimulation; neuroprosthesis; programs; relating to nervous system; research study; response; safety testing; sensory feedback; somatosensory; spatiotemporal; success; time use; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The NIH neuroprosthesis program has fostered so much success in the area of cortically controlled neuroprostheses that the FDA has approved multiple human trials to test the safety and efficacy of cortical implants for brain machine interfaces (BMI). One important application of BMI technologies is the direct cortical control of prosthetic limbs. Recent advances in this field have led to the creation of the most capable prosthetic arms yet developed, including the DEKA 'Luke arm' and Johns Hopkins APL 'Modular Prosthetic Limb'. However, a critical gap in this effort is the lack of somatosensory feedback which is needed to support propriception and tactile sensations for the artificial limb. Without these sensations, users will never achieve maximum benefit from these advanced limbs, because without sensory feedback, these devices will remain as numb, extracorporeal 'tools', rather than integrated fully functional limbs. Our goals are twofold: to better understand the nature of sensory feedback and the way in which peripheral sensory activity is conveyed to primary somatosensory cortex (S1), and to develop a somatosensory neural interface (SSNI) that will provide the user with proprioceptive feedback for their neuroprosthesics limb. We have previously proposed that primary afferent microstimulation (PAMS) in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) can be used to deliver surrogate somatosensory feedback to the central nervous system. We have demonstrated that in cats, PAMS can recruit small populations of afferents from a variety of sensory modalities (Gaunt et al. 2009) and that this stimulation can transmit meaningful activity to S1 (Weber et al. 2011). The success achieved during the development of this animal model generated a number of new questions and hypothesis upon which a series of new experiments are proposed. Specifically, these experiments focus on characterizing the ability of PAMS to 1) transmit sensory information to S1 in anesthetized cats when the PAMS patterns are based on neural activity recorded in the DRG during movement, 2) transmit discriminable sensory information to S1 in anesthetized cats when the PAMS patterns are based on fabricated static and dynamic inputs, and 3) transmit discriminable sensory information to S1 in awake standing cats, useful for modifying postural responses to ground support perturbations. These experiments range from further investigations of the capabilities of PAMS to testing the ability of PAMS to predictably modify motor behaviors. This work will further the development of a SSNI, critical for the future of BMI based prosthetic limbs, as well as address fundamental questions regarding the role of sensory feedback in the control of normal motor behaviors.

描述（由申请人提供）：NIH神经假体计划在皮质控制的神经植物区域取得了很大的成功，以至于FDA批准了多次人类试验，以测试皮质植入物对脑机界面的安全性和功效。 BMI技术的一种重要应用是假肢的直接皮质控制。 该领域的最新进展导致建立了迄今为止最有能力的假肢武器，包括Deka“ Luke Arm”和Johns Hopkins APL“模块化假肢”。 但是，这项工作中的一个关键差距是缺乏体感反馈，这是为了支持人工肢体的前置和触觉感觉所需的。 如果没有这些感觉，用户将永远无法从这些高级四肢获得最大的收益，因为没有感觉反馈，这些设备将保持麻木，体外的“工具”，而不是集成了功能齐全的四肢。 我们的目标是双重的：更好地理解感觉反馈的性质以及将外围感觉活动传达给主要体感皮质（S1）的方式，并为其神经propthesics limb提供了前体的神经界面（SSNI）。 我们先前提出，背部根神经节（DRG）中的主要传入微刺激（PAM）可用于向中枢神经系统传递替代体感应反馈。 我们已经证明，在猫中，PAM可以从各种感觉方式中招募少数传入（Gaunt等，2009），并且这种刺激可以将有意义的活性传播到S1（Weber等，2011）。 在这种动物模型的发展过程中取得的成功产生了许多新的问题和假设，并提出了一系列新的实验。 Specifically, these experiments focus on characterizing the ability of PAMS to 1) transmit sensory information to S1 in anesthetized cats when the PAMS patterns are based on neural activity recorded in the DRG during movement, 2) transmit discriminable sensory information to S1 in anesthetized cats when the PAMS patterns are based on fabricated static and dynamic inputs, and 3) transmit discriminable sensory information to S1 in清醒的站立猫，可用于修改对地面支撑扰动的姿势反应。 这些实验范围从对PAM的能力进行进一步研究到测试PAM可以预测改变​​运动行为的能力。 这项工作将进一步发展SSNI，这对于基于BMI的假肢的未来至关重要，并解决了有关感觉反馈在控制正常运动行为中的作用的基本问题。