Toxicant Production and Mitigation in the Electronic-Cigarette Reaction Vessel

电子烟反应容器中有毒物质的产生和缓解

• 批准号: 8874702
• 负责人: ROBERT M STRONGIN
• 金额: $ 68.69万
• 依托单位: PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-07 至 2020-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8874702
• 关键词: Acidity; Address; Aerosols; Affect; Alcohols; Aldehydes; Alkaloids; Amines; Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor; Belief; Biological; Biological Assay; Breathing; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Chemical Engineering; Chemicals; Cigarette; Cosmetics; Data; Devices; Electronic cigarette; Environmental Pollution; Formaldehyde; Fostering; Free Radicals; General Population; Glycerol; Hand; Harm Reduction; Health; Heating; High temperature of physical object; Home environment; Industry; Inflammatory; Investigation; Lead; Liquid substance; Manufacturer Name; Marketing; Methods; Mission; Molecular Weight; Nature; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Pathway interactions; Process; Production; Property; Propylene Glycols; Public Health; Public Opinion; Reaction; Reactive Oxygen Species; Regulation; Relative (related person); Research; Sales; Sampling; Skin; Solutions; Solvents; Source; Structure; Temperature; Tobacco; Toxic effect; Toxin; Work; base; cigarette smoking; cigarette smoking; cytokine; design; experience; functional group; hemiacetal; liquid chromatography mass spectrometry; macrophage; member; multidisciplinary; particle; predictive modeling; public health relevance; toxicant; trafficking; vaping

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite the fact that their health effects are unknown, electronic cigarettes have become so popular that some sources project their sales to surpass those of traditional cigarettes within the next decade. Currently, however, regulatory efforts are greatly hampered by a severe deficiency of relevant scientific data. The main objectives of this proposal are to clarify (i) the origins and levels of toxins produced during e-cigarette "vaping" and (ii) the properties of the particles that are inhaled by vapers and those exposed by "second-hand" means. The central hypothesis is that e-cigarettes are reaction vessels that promote free radical reactions that lead to a range of products formed at high temperatures. The rationale underlying the proposed research is that a comprehensive investigation of the reaction variables influencing toxicant formation and aerosol properties will provide regulatory agencies, manufacturers, and home chemists a clearer understanding of conditions to be avoided when using e-cigarettes. A multidisciplinary team has been assembled to address the chemical, engineering, analytical and biological aspects of e-cigarettes. Preliminary studies have led to the discovery of a previously-unknown reaction pathway that leads to total formaldehyde levels that approach those of delivered nicotine. The research plan builds upon our preliminary results and involves four Specific Aims. Aim 1 is to define the effect of vaping upon glycerol and propylene glycol, the primary aerosol-forming molecules. Aim 2 is to define the effect of vaping upon nicotine, as well as related alkaloids likely to be present in some e-cigarette liquids. Aim 3 is t define the effect of flavorants and environmental contaminants on vaping products. Aim 4 is to determine the ability of formaldehyde to be released from carrier product molecules, and to examine the toxicities of e- cigarette aerosols by various bioassays. We will generate predictive models that will enable probing design variables and processes controlling product formation and particle size distributions (PSDs).

 描述（由适用提供）：尽管其健康影响尚不清楚，但电子烟已经变得如此受欢迎，以至于某些资料来源将其销售额超过了未来十年的传统香烟。但是，目前，严重缺乏相关的科学数据会极大地阻碍监管工作。该提案的主要目的是澄清（i）在电子烟“ vaping”期间产生的毒素的起源和水平，以及（ii）vaper遗传的粒子的性质以及“二手”含量所暴露的粒子。中心假设是电子烟是反应容器，可促进自由基反应，从而导致在高温下形成的一系列产物。提出的研究的基本原理是，对反应变量的全面研究会影响毒物形成和气溶胶特性，将为使用电子烟时对避免的条件有更清晰的了解，从而为毒剂形成和气溶胶特性提供了更清晰的了解。一支多学科团队已组装，以解决电子烟的化学，工程，分析和生物学方面。初步研究导致了 发现以前未知的反应途径，该途径导致甲醛的总水平接近尼古丁的甲醛。研究计划以我们的初步结果为基础，涉及四个具体目标。目的1是定义对甘油和丙烯乙二醇（原代气溶胶形成分子）的影响。目的2是定义对尼古丁的烟的作用，以及可能存在于某些电子烟液体中的相关生物碱。目标3是定义口味和环境污染物对烟产品的影响。目标4是确定甲醛从载体产物分子中释放的能力，并通过各种生物测定检查电子烟气溶胶的毒性。我们将生成预测模型，该模型将启用控制产品形成和粒度分布（PSD）的设计变量和过程。