Toxicant Production and Mitigation in the Electronic-Cigarette Reaction Vessel

电子烟反应容器中有毒物质的产生和缓解

基本信息

批准号：
9560821
负责人：
ROBERT M STRONGIN
金额：
$ 71.87万
依托单位：
PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-07-07 至 2020-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9560821
关键词：
Acidity Address Aerosols Affect Alcohols Aldehydes Alkaloids Amines Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Belief Biological Biological Assay Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)Chemical Engineering Chemicals Cigarette Cosmetics Data Devices Electronic cigarette Environmental Pollution Formaldehyde Fostering Free Radicals General Population Glycerol Hand Harm Reduction Health Heating High temperature of physical object Home environment Industry Inflammatory Inhalation Investigation Lead Liquid substance Manufacturer Name Marketing Mass Fragmentography Methods Mission Molecular Weight Nature Nicotine Nitrosamines Particle Size Particulate Matter Pathway interactions Process Production Property Propylene Glycols Public Health Public Opinion Reaction Reactive Oxygen Species Regulation Research Sales Sampling Skin Solvents Source Structure Temperature Tobacco Toxic effect Toxin United States National Institutes of Health Work base cigarette smoke cigarette smoking cytokine design electronic cigarette use experience functional group hemiacetal liquid chromatography mass spectrometry macrophage member multidisciplinary particle predictive modeling public health relevance toxicant vaper vaping

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite the fact that their health effects are unknown, electronic cigarettes have become so popular that some sources project their sales to surpass those of traditional cigarettes within the next decade. Currently, however, regulatory efforts are greatly hampered by a severe deficiency of relevant scientific data. The main objectives of this proposal are to clarify (i) the origins and levels of toxins produced during e-cigarette "vaping" and (ii) the properties of the particles that are inhaled by vapers and those exposed by "second-hand" means. The central hypothesis is that e-cigarettes are reaction vessels that promote free radical reactions that lead to a range of products formed at high temperatures. The rationale underlying the proposed research is that a comprehensive investigation of the reaction variables influencing toxicant formation and aerosol properties will provide regulatory agencies, manufacturers, and home chemists a clearer understanding of conditions to be avoided when using e-cigarettes. A multidisciplinary team has been assembled to address the chemical, engineering, analytical and biological aspects of e-cigarettes. Preliminary studies have led to the discovery of a previously-unknown reaction pathway that leads to total formaldehyde levels that approach those of delivered nicotine. The research plan builds upon our preliminary results and involves four Specific Aims. Aim 1 is to define the effect of vaping upon glycerol and propylene glycol, the primary aerosol-forming molecules. Aim 2 is to define the effect of vaping upon nicotine, as well as related alkaloids likely to be present in some e-cigarette liquids. Aim 3 is t define the effect of flavorants and environmental contaminants on vaping products. Aim 4 is to determine the ability of formaldehyde to be released from carrier product molecules, and to examine the toxicities of e- cigarette aerosols by various bioassays. We will generate predictive models that will enable probing design variables and processes controlling product formation and particle size distributions (PSDs).

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管电子烟对健康的影响尚不清楚，但它已经变得如此受欢迎，以至于一些消息来源预计其销量将在未来十年内超过传统香烟，但目前，监管工作受到了极大的阻碍。该提案的主要目标是澄清（i）电子烟“吸电子烟”过程中产生的毒素的来源和水平，以及（ii）电子烟使用者吸入的颗粒的特性。通过“二手”手段暴露的中心假设是，电子烟是促进自由基反应的反应容器，导致在高温下形成一系列产物。影响有毒物质形成和气溶胶性质的反应变量将使监管机构、制造商和家庭化学家更清楚地了解使用电子烟时应避免的条件，我们已经组建了一个多学科团队来解决电子烟的化学、工程、分析和生物学方面的问题。电子烟。初步研究已得出发现了一种以前未知的反应途径，该途径导致总甲醛水平接近尼古丁的水平。该研究计划以我们的初步结果为基础，涉及四个具体目标 1 是确定电子烟对甘油和丙二醇的影响。目标 2 是确定电子烟对尼古丁以及某些电子烟液体中可能存在的相关生物碱的影响。目标 3 是确定香料和环境污染物对电子烟产品的影响，目标 4 是确定载体产品分子释放甲醛的能力，并通过各种生物测定法检查电子烟气溶胶的毒性。预测模型将能够探测控制产品形成和粒度分布（PSD）的设计变量和过程。