The role of patterned activity in neuronal codes for behavior

模式活动在行为神经元代码中的作用

• 批准号: 8827131
• 负责人: John H.R. Maunsell
• 金额: $ 91.05万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-30 至 2017-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8827131
• 关键词: Action Potentials; Address; Affect; Anatomy; Animal Behavior; Animal Model; Animals; Area; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Behavioral Assay; Biological Models; Brain; Calcium Signaling; Cells; Cerebral cortex; Code; Collaborations; Complex; Data Collection; Development; Disease; Fire - disasters; Genetic; Goals; Health; Human; Image; Individual; Lasers; Light; Link; Measurement; Measures; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Methods; Microscope; Morphology; Mus; Neurons; Optics; Pathology; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Photons; Population; Psyche structure; Psychophysics; Reporting; Research; Role; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Spatial Distribution; Specificity; Stimulus; Structure; Synapses; Techniques; Testing; Theoretical Studies; Time; Training; Validation; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual system structure; Work; behavior measurement; in vivo; insight; mind control; neuronal patterning; new technology; optogenetics; public health relevance; research study; response; scale up; sensory stimulus; two-photon; visual stimulus

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A key aspect of brain function is how the activity of neuronal populations encodes information that is used to guide behavior. A longstanding model system to understand population coding is the visual cerebral cortex, because its structure and anatomy are well understood, and because visual stimuli can be presented to subjects with high levels of temporal and spatial control. Thousands or more neurons fire action potentials in response to a single visual stimulus, and an important open question is how this population response carries information - how the detailed timing and pattern of these spikes across neurons is decoded to guide behavior. Because it is known that genetics controls the identity and morphology of neurons, and influences which other neurons they form synaptic partners with, it appears likely that the precise details of which neurons in a population fire spikes is vitally important for behavior. But surprisingly, past experimental work hints that the primary quantity governing neuronal coding is the total number of spikes or average firing rate across a population, making the precise timing and spatial distribution of those spikes less important. Theoretical work shows that either type of code can be supported by the cortex and that the type of code used may even vary from one behavioral task to the next. However, it has not been possible to definitively determine how cortical population codes are used for behavior because of the inability to change the activity of neurons in a patterned fashion. In this project, we will use two-photon ontogenetic stimulation to activate patterns of neurons in behaving animals to understand the details of how population codes control behavior. This work is made possible by the combination of optical wave front-shaping methods to control the size and shape of a two- photon optical focal volume, and psychophysical behavioral methods in mice that allow precise quantification of animals' perceptual performance when neuronal patterns are stimulated. We will use two-photon patterned stimulation to replay naturally-occurring population responses to determine if they have special meaning to the animal, perhaps because those patterns are determined by essential synaptic connections. By using patterned stimulation to vary the activity correlation between neurons, we will also test whether previously-observed pairwise correlations, which measure the relationship between the firing activities of two neurons, are an important part of the neuronal code. In achieving our goals we will produce a new technology for stimulating neurons in the brains of behaving animals with single-cell specificity that can be adapted to explore neuronal dynamics in a wide range of animal models and behaviors.

 描述（由应用程序提供）：大脑功能的一个关键方面是神经元种群的活动如何编码用于指导行为的信息。一个长期以来了解人口编码的模型系统是视觉大脑皮层，因为它的结构和解剖结构是充分理解的，并且可以将视觉刺激呈现给具有较高临时和空间控制的受试者。响应单个视觉刺激的数千个或更多神经元的火力动作电位，一个重要的开放问题是该人群响应如何带有信息 - 这些神经元跨神经元的详细时间和模式如何解码以指导行为。因为众所周知，遗传学控制着神经元的身份和形态，并影响与其他神经元形成突触伙伴的神经元的影响，因此人群火峰中哪些神经元的确切细节对于行为至关重要。但令人惊讶的是，过去的实验工作暗示，控制神经元编码的主要数量是人群中尖峰或平均点火率的总数，这使得这些尖峰的精确时序和空间分布不那么重要。理论工作表明，两种代码都可以由皮层支持，并且所使用的代码类型甚至可能从一个行为任务到另一个行为任务各不相同。但是，由于无法以图案方式改变神经元的活动，因此无法明确确定如何将皮质种群代码用于行为。在这个项目中，我们将 使用两光子的个体发生刺激激活行为动物中神经元的模式，以了解人口代码如何控制行为的细节。通过将光波前形形成方法组合起来，可以控制两光子光焦点体积的大小和形状，以及在刺激神经元模式时可以精确量化动物感知性能的小鼠的心理物理行为方法。我们将使用两光子图案的刺激来重播自然存在的种群反应，以确定它们是否对动物具有特殊意义，也许是因为这些模式是由必需的突触连接决定的。通过使用图案化刺激来改变神经元之间的活性相关性，我们还将测试以前观察到的成对相关性（测量两个神经元的激发活性之间的关系）是否是神经元代码的重要组成部分。实现我们的目标，我们将生产一种新技术，用于刺激具有单细胞特异性的行为动物的神经元，可以适应各种动物模型和行为中的神经元动力学。