"Don't Know" Responses to Risk Perception Questions: Identifying Mechanisms and Solutions

对风险认知问题的“不知道”回答：确定机制和解决方案

基本信息

批准号：
8945410
负责人：
JENNIFER L HAY
金额：
$ 36.21万
依托单位：
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-08-13 至 2019-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8945410
关键词：
Address Affect African American American Attention Basic Science Behavior Behavioral Censuses Chronic Disease Colorectal Cancer Communication Comprehension Decision Making Disease Disease Management Early Diagnosis General Population Goals Health Health behavior Individual Intervention Knowledge Laboratories Malignant Neoplasms Minority Modeling Morbidity - disease rate Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Pathway interactions Population Population Heterogeneity Prevention Preventive Process Public Health Reporting Research Research Project Grants Respondent Risk Sampling Socioeconomic Status Solutions Source Subgroup Surveys Telephone Testing Translating Uncertainty Ursidae Family Woman Work base behavior change cancer type diabetes risk disorder prevention disorder risk effective intervention experience health disparity health literacy member men mortality novel population survey prevent programs public health relevance response risk perception tool treatment adherence

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Strategies to change risk perceptions are a models of health decision making. Both are based on an assumption that may not always be true - that individuals know their risk for a given illness. Preliminary work from our and other laboratories has shown that a non-trivial portion of the population is uncertain about their risk for common illnesses. Moreover, we have shown that uncertainty about one's illness risk is particularly likely among U.S. populations who suffer the burden of health disparities. However, the mechanisms underlying risk uncertainty remain unknown, which limits our ability to develop effective intervention strategies to change behavior, especially in those who remain uncertain about their risk despite the wide-spread dissemination of risk-based health messaging. The objective for this R01 program of research is to explicate the mechanisms leading individuals to answer "do not know" in response to risk perception questions. In a program of research encompassing both observational and experimental work, we will examine how factors relating to knowledge and health literacy as well as factors related to defensive information avoidance influence do not know responding. This objective will be achieved by addressing two specific aims: 1) To explore two distinct, theoretically-informed explanations for do not know responding, and 2) To test whether experimentally manipulating the mechanisms hypothesized to cause do not know responding, reduces do not know responding. Aim 1 will be achieved with a national survey examining if low health literacy and defensive risk information avoidance are related to do not know responding to colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes risk perception items. Achieving Aim 2 will be accomplished by experimentally testing 1) whether giving do not know responders with low health literacy health messages tailored to a low health literacy audience increases risk knowledge and reduces do not know responding and 2) whether giving do not know responders who tend to avoid health information the opportunity to self-affirm prior to receiving health messages increases attending to, and comprehension of these messages and reduces do not know responding. This research is significant in that it examines a key, but understudied phenomenon related to a central decision making and behavior change construct, uncertainty about perceived risk for illness. Successful completion of the proposed research will generate tested strategies for developing more effective behavior change messages for individuals who are uncertain about their risk for common illnesses. Given the degree to which uncertainty about illness risk is more common in groups experiencing health disparities populations, our work has the potential to address behavior change factors that contribute to these ongoing health disparities.

描述（适用提供）：改变风险感知的策略是健康决策的模型。两者都是基于一个可能并非总是如此的假设 - 个人知道自己患有特定疾病的风险。我们和其他实验室的初步工作表明，人口的非平凡部分不确定其常见疾病的风险。此外，我们已经表明，关于疾病风险的不确定性特别可能在遭受健康差异的美国人群中。但是，风险不确定性的基础机制仍然未知，这限制了我们制定有效的干预策略改变行为的能力，尤其是在那些对风险目的地不确定的人中，基于风险的健康消息传递的广泛传播。这项R01研究计划的目的是阐明导致个人回答风险感知问题“不知道”的机制。在涵盖观察和实验工作的研究计划中，我们将研究与知识和健康素养有关的因素以及与防御信息避免影响有关的因素如何不知道反应。通过解决两个具体目的来实现这一目标：1）探索两个不同的，理论上明智的解释，以免做出反应，以及2）测试是否通过实验操纵所假设的机制不知道响应，减少了响应。如果低健康素养和防御风险信息避免与不知道对结直肠癌的反应和2型糖尿病风险感知项目有关，则将通过全国调查来实现目标1。实现实验测试将实现目标2的实现1）对低健康素养的健康信息是否不认识量身定制的，对低健康素养的受众量身定制的健康素养信息会增加风险知识和降低的反应，而2）2）是否知道倾向于避免健康信息的响应者在接受健康信息之前避免健康信息的机会，并且不知道这些信息并不了解这些信息，并且不认识这些信息，并且不认识响应。这项研究很重要，因为它检查了一个关键，但理解了与中心决策和行为改变构建的现象，对感知的疾病风险的不确定性。拟议研究的成功完成将产生经过测试的策略，以为不确定其常见疾病风险的个人开发更有效的行为变化信息。鉴于对疾病风险的不确定性在遇到健康分布人群的群体中更为普遍的程度，我们的工作有可能解决有助于这些正在进行的健康分布的行为变化因素。