The development of neural responses to punishment in adolescence

青春期对惩罚的神经反应的发展

• 批准号: 8662735
• 负责人: Russell A Poldrack
• 金额: $ 37.93万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-01 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8662735
• 关键词: 12 year old; 19 year old; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent and Young Adult; Adult; Age; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Amygdaloid structure; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Cessation of life; Child; Choice Behavior; Corpus striatum structure; Decision Making; Development; Disease; Drops; Drug Addiction; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Event; Feedback; Future; Illicit Drugs; Impairment; Incentives; Individual; Individual Differences; Injury; Insula of Reil; Lead; Learning; Life; Literature; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Modeling; Nature; Negative Finding; Outcome; Play; Policies; Process; Psychological reinforcement; Punishment; Relative (related person); Research; Rewards; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk-Taking; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Teenagers; Testing; Time; Translating; Unsafe Sex; adolescent drug use; age difference; age group; age related; blood oxygenation level dependent response; design; effective intervention; interest; neurodevelopment; programs; public health relevance; reinforcer; relating to nervous system; response

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adolescence is a risk period for the onset of drug use, with more individuals initiating drug use during these years than any other time in life. In addition, those individuals who initiate drug use earlier in adolescence are at greater risk for developing drug abuse and dependence later in life. Adolescents are known to engage disproportionately in many types of risky behavior, such as reckless driving, illicit drug use, and unsafe sex. Research has aimed to determine whether the development of neural processing could lead to the post- adolescent drop in risk-taking behavior. While several studies have demonstrated shifts in reward sensitivity across adolescence, very little research has examined the development of sensitivity to punishment. Recent research has demonstrated behaviorally that the ability to learn from punishment continues to develop throughout adolescence. It is unclear, however, if this is because children and adolescents simply find negative events less aversive than adults, or if, instead, they find punishment equally unpleasant, but are unable to incorporate this information into a learning signal, known as a prediction error signal, that is necessary to learn to approach or avoid stimuli that have previously been rewarded or punished, respectively. The proposed study aims to dissociate between these two possibilities by having groups of children, adolescents, and young adults perform a valence-modulated probabilistic learning task in an MRI scanner, where they be rewarded for correct choices during one block, and punished for incorrect choices during another. BOLD response will be measured in a contrast of negative feedback vs. positive feedback and compared across age groups to determine developmental differences in overall response to punishment, and separately prediction error response to punishment will be measured. We predict that no age differences will emerge in the negative feedback vs. positive feedback contrast, but children and adolescents will show a diminished prediction error response relative to adults.

描述（由申请人提供）：青春期是吸毒发作的风险时期，在这些年中，在这些年中发起毒品使用的人比生活中的任何其他时间都多。此外，那些在青春期较早启动药物使用的人面临更大的风险，即在以后的生活中培养药物滥用和依赖。众所周知，青少年参与许多类型的风险行为，例如鲁ck驾驶，非法吸毒和 不安全的性。研究旨在确定神经加工的发展是否会导致冒险行为的青春期下降。尽管一些研究表明，整个青春期奖励灵敏度的转变，但很少研究研究对惩罚的敏感性的发展。最近的研究在行为上表明，从惩罚中学习的能力在整个青春期中继续发展。但是，目前尚不清楚，如果这是因为儿童和青少年只是发现负面事件比成年人更不反感，或者，如果他们发现惩罚同样令人不快，但无法将这些信息纳入学习信号（称为预测误差信号），这是学习接近或避免先前受到奖励或惩罚的刺激所必需的。拟议的研究旨在通过让儿童，青少年和年轻人在MRI扫描仪中执行价值调制的概率学习任务来解离这两种可能性，在一个障碍中，他们在一个障碍中获得了正确的选择，并在另一个方面惩罚了他们在另一个方面的惩罚。将在负面反馈与积极反馈的对比度中衡量大胆的响应，并比较各个年龄段，以确定对惩罚的总体反应的发育差异，并将分别预测对惩罚的错误反应。我们预测，在负反馈与积极反馈对比中不会出现年龄差异，但是相对于成年人，儿童和青少年将显示出预测错误响应的减少。