Intersection of Local and State Alcohol Policy: The Case of Malt Liquor

地方和州酒精政策的交叉点：麦芽酒案例

• 批准号: 8676609
• 负责人: RHONDA J. JONES-WEBB
• 金额: $ 43.23万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-01 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8676609
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adopted; Adoption; Advertising; Affect; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholism; Alcohols; Beer; Beverages; Censuses; Characteristics; Cities; Communities; Consumption; Control Groups; Crime; Data; Drug usage; Effectiveness; Environment; Evaluation Studies; Event; Future; Heavy Drinking; Homicide; Hour; Individual; Institutes; Law Enforcement; Legal; Literature; Low income; Malt Grain; Measures; Minor; Minority; Modeling; Neighborhoods; Policies; Policy Making; Policy Research; Problem behavior; Publishing; Research; Sales; Series; Surveys; System; Taxes; Theft; Time; Youth; alcohol content; alcohol policy information system; alcohol related problem; assault; design; distilled alcoholic beverage; drinking; inner city; larceny; problem drinker; public health relevance; public policy on alcohol; racial and ethnic disparities; success; vandalism

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Malt liquor is a troublesome product for communities. Malt liquor is a lager beer with a higher alcohol content than regular beer (4-5 vs. 6-8%), and is associated with frequent daily drinking, heavy drinking, and with problem behaviors such as theft, disorderly conduct, assaults, and panhandling. About one-third of the largest U.S. cities have adopted policies to restrict malt liquor often overcoming significant hurdles to do so. To date, there have been no studies in the published literature that have evaluated the effectiveness of these policies. Rigorous evaluation studies are needed to address current gaps in assessing the effectiveness of malt liquor policies. Local alcohol policies are not adopted in isolation, but are adopted in the context of broader state alcohol policy. Especially needed are evaluation studies that take into account the state alcohol policy environment, (i.e., what state alcohol policies exists when local policies are adopted) and other aspects of the local alcohol policy environment (e.g., enforcement and compliance with malt liquor policies, other local alcohol policies). The specific objectives of our 4-year study are to: 1) Develop mew measures of the restrictiveness of malt liquor and other alcohol policies. 2) Evaluate the effectiveness of malt liquor policies in reducing crime associated with malt liquor consumption in 19 U.S. cities using an interrupted time series design (e.g., aggregated assault, theft/larceny, disorderly conduct, minor consumption/possession, drinking in public). For this aim, we will analyze monthly crime three years prior to implementation of the malt liquor policies and three years following implementation of the policies in neighborhoods (i.e., census block groups) targeted by the policies and not targeted by the policies (2000 to 2012). 3) Assess whether the effects of malt liquor policies on crime vary by the state alcohol policy environment using panel regression models or pooled time series design. For this aim, we will draw on data from the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism's, Alcohol Policy Information System, (APIS) which includes information on the features of alcohol policies in all 50 states. We will focus on state alcohol policies most likely to influence the success of malt liquor policies including underage possession/ consumption, purchase, furnishing, false identification, beer taxes, and the retail and whole distribution system for beer. In addition, we will identify and analyze the influence of features of alcohol outdoor advertising policies for states in our study. These data are not currently available in APIS. Results will further our understanding of why some local alcohol policies are more effective than others in reducing problems associated with alcohol consumption, and how the state alcohol policy environment can facilitate or hinder local alcohol policymaking efforts. Results will also help local policymakers in other cities.

描述（由申请人提供）：麦芽酒对社区来说是一种麻烦的产品。麦芽酒是一种酒精含量比普通啤酒更高的啤酒（4-5% vs. 6-8%），与日常饮酒、酗酒以及盗窃、扰乱治安、袭击等问题行为有关。和乞讨。 美国大约三分之一的大城市已经采取了限制麦芽酒的政策，这些政策往往克服了重大障碍。迄今为止，已发表的文献中还没有评估这些政策有效性的研究。需要进行严格的评估研究来解决目前评估麦芽酒政策有效性方面的差距。地方酒精政策不是孤立实施的，而是在更广泛的国家酒精政策的背景下实施的。特别需要的是评估研究，考虑到州酒精政策环境（即，当采用地方政策时，存在哪些州酒精政策）以及当地酒精政策环境的其他方面（例如，麦芽酒政策的执行和遵守，其他方面）。当地的酒精政策）。 我们为期四年的研究的具体目标是： 1）制定新的麦芽酒限制措施和其他酒类政策。 2）评估有效性 使用间断时间序列设计（例如集体攻击、盗窃/盗窃、扰乱治安、轻微消费/持有、在公共场所饮酒）的麦芽酒政策，减少美国 19 个城市与麦芽酒消费相关的犯罪。为此，我们将分析麦芽酒政策实施前三年和政策实施后三年政策针对和非政策针对的社区（即人口普查街区组）的每月犯罪情况（2000 年至 2012 年） ）。 3) 使用面板回归模型或汇总时间序列设计评估麦芽酒政策对犯罪的影响是否因州酒精政策环境而异。为此，我们将利用美国国家酒精滥用和酒精中毒研究所的酒精政策信息系统 (APIS) 的数据，其中包括有关所有 50 个州酒精政策特征的信息。我们将重点关注最有可能影响麦芽酒政策成功的国家酒精政策，包括未成年人拥有/消费、购买、提供、虚假身份、啤酒税以及啤酒零售和整个分销系统。此外，我们将在研究中确定并分析各州酒精户外广告政策特征的影响。这些数据目前在 APIS 中不可用。 结果将进一步加深我们对为什么一些地方酒精政策在减少与酒精消费相关的问题方面比其他政策更有效的理解，以及国家酒精政策环境如何促进或阻碍地方酒精政策制定工作。结果也将有助于其他城市的当地政策制定者。