Prospective Evaluation of Air Pollution, Cognition, and Autism from Birth Onward

从出生起对空气污染、认知和自闭症的前瞻性评估

• 批准号: 8669772
• 负责人: HEATHER E VOLK
• 金额: $ 54.57万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-10 至 2018-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8669772
• 关键词: 1-Nitropyrene; Age; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Autistic Disorder; Benzo(a)pyrene; Biological Markers; Birth; Blood specimen; Caliber; Child; Childhood; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Collaborations; Data; Development; Developmental Delay Disorders; Diagnosis; Diesel Exhaust; Disease; Early Intervention; Enrollment; Environment; Environmental Epidemiology; Environmental Exposure; Epidemiologic Studies; Evaluation; Exhibits; Exposure to; Gasoline; General Population; Genes; Genetic Risk; Goals; Growth; Health; Hemoglobin; Infant; Intervention; Investigation; Lead; Learning; Life; Location; Longitudinal Studies; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Mothers; Motor; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Nitrogen Dioxide; Outcome; Ozone; Participant; Particulate Matter; Phenotype; Play; Population Control; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimesters; Prospective Studies; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Research; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction; Role; Sampling; Severities; Site; Source; Statistical Models; Techniques; Time; Twin Studies; adduct; autism spectrum disorder; base; cohort; critical period; design; disorder risk; early childhood; early life exposure; effective intervention; follow-up; high risk; innovation; novel; pollutant; pregnant; prenatal; prevent; prospective; public health relevance; trafficking; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project seeks to determine if prenatal air pollution exposures increase the risk of cognitive delays and autistic traits. Emerging evidence suggests that air pollutant exposure may increase risk of neurodevelopmental disorders and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our research demonstrates that exposure during gestation and early life to traffic related air pollution (TRP) and regional particulate matter (PM) were associated with risk of autism and neurodevelopmental delays. Other studies indicate neurodevelopmental effects based on prenatal biomarker measures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure. However, we do not know if these associations persist over time, nor has a critical period of development been pinpointed. In this study we propose to examine the relationship between prenatal air pollution exposure and early longitudinal measures of cognitive ability and ASD in two prospective samples - Markers of Autism Risk in Babies, Learning Early Signs (MARBLES) and Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI). MARBLES and EARLI are both longitudinal studies of pregnant mothers, who have had one child with ASD, increasing the risk for abnormal development and ASD in the subsequent child. Approximately 40% of the infant children from MARBLES and EARLI will have a DD and 1/7 will be diagnosed with an ASD, which enriches our ability to study a broad range of neurodevelopmental outcomes. We will leverage the valuable phenotype and biospecimen resources of MARBLES and EARLI for the first prospective study of prenatal air pollution effects on autistic traits and the trajectory of cognitive development over the first thirty-six months of life. Specific aims are: (1) to assign air pollutant exposure using state of the art modeling techniques for multi- site studies estimating TRP and PM as well as measure novel biomarker measurements of nitro-PAH exposure to freeway-based diesel exhaust and gaseous nitro-PAH pollutants from vehicular and other sources; (2) examine the effect of these exposures on the trajectory of cognitive development using repeated administrations of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL); and (3) evaluate the effect of these exposures on autistic traits and ASD diagnoses. Because air pollutant exposure is common and can be mitigated, the potential public health impact of this study is large. Additionally, identification of a risk factor in very young children provides the opportunity for early intervention where reduction of risk for disordered development is still possible.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目旨在确定产前空气污染是否会增加认知延迟和自闭症特征的风险。新兴的证据表明，空气污染物的暴露可能会增加神经发育障碍和自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的风险。我们的研究表明，妊娠和早期生命中与交通相关的空气污染（TRP）和区域颗粒物（PM）的暴露与自闭症和神经发育延迟的风险有关。其他研究表明，基于多环芳烃（PAH）暴露的产前生物标志物测量的神经发育作用。但是，我们不知道这些关联是否会随着时间的流逝而持续下去，也没有确定一个关键的发展时期。在这项研究中，我们建议研究两个前瞻性样本中认知能力和ASD的早期空气污染暴露与早期纵向测量之间的关系 - 婴儿的自闭症标志物，学习早期体征（大理石）和早期自闭症风险纵向纵向研究（Earli）。大理石和Earli都是对怀孕母亲的纵向研究，他们育有一个ASD的孩子，增加了异常发育的风险和随后的儿童的ASD。大理石和Earli的婴儿儿童中，大约有40％的儿童将被诊断出患有ASD，这将富含我们研究各种神经发育结果的能力。我们将利用大理石和Earli的有价值的表型和生物测量资源来对产前空气污染对自闭症性状的影响以及生命的前36个月中对自闭症特征的影响以及认知发展的轨迹进行了前瞻性研究。具体目的是：（1）使用艺术建模技术来分配空气污染物的暴露，以估算TRP和PM的多站点研究，并测量新型的生物标志物测量硝基-PAH暴露于高速公路基于高速公路的柴油机排气以及来自车辆和其他来源的气态Nitro-PAH污染物； （2）使用穆伦早期学习量表的重复管理（MSEL）检查这些暴露对认知发展轨迹的影响； （3）评估这些暴露对自闭症特征和ASD诊断的影响。由于空气污染物的暴露很常见并且可以缓解，因此这项研究的潜在公共卫生影响很大。此外，在很小的孩子中识别危险因素为早期干预提供了机会，即仍然有可能降低发育障碍的风险。