Systems-level interactions underlying valence coding in olfaction

嗅觉中价编码的系统级相互作用

• 批准号: 8755418
• 负责人: Joost Maier
• 金额: $ 16.2万
• 依托单位: BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-06-05 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8755418
• 关键词: Affect; Amygdaloid structure; Animals; Autistic Disorder; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Brain; Brain imaging; Breathing; Catheters; Cell physiology; Clinical; Code; Complex; Data; Disease; Electrodes; Electrophysiology (science); Emotional; Emotions; Fiber Optics; Food Preferences; Generations; Image; Implant; Learning; Light; Literature; Memory; Molecular; Monitor; Neurons; Nose; Odors; Olfactory Cortex; Pattern; Perception; Play; Procedures; Process; Property; Protocols documentation; Rattus; Recovery; Research; Respiration; Role; Scheme; Serotyping; Smell Perception; Source; Stimulus; Structure; Syndrome; System; Taste Perception; Techniques; Testing; Training; Ursidae Family; Validity of Results; Virus; Work; base; behavior measurement; design; experience; human subject; novel; olfactory stimulus; optogenetics; piriform cortex; preference; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; social; sweet taste perception

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Smell perception serves to provide information not only about odor quality (i.e., what the odor is), but also about the emotional meaning of the odor to an observer: besides being potentially musky or fruity, odors can be experienced as pleasant or aversive, dependent in part on past experience of the observer. Brain imaging research in human subjects has demonstrated that olfactory cortex-owing to its connectivity to neural systems involved in learning, memory and emotion-plays a central role in representing odor valence. However, the cellular processes underlying the transformation of odor quality coding to behaviorally-relevant odor valence coding is as of yet unknown. The present proposal combines electrophysiological recordings with behavioral measures of odor valence to probe responses of small ensembles of olfactory cortical neurons to a set of odors with a known range of valences. A first set of experiments is designed to test how and when valence-related neural firing patterns appear in olfactory cortex. Based on previous work from our lab investigating valence coding in the taste system, the specific hypothesis is that odor quality and valence are both encoded in the dynamic response patterns of single olfactory cortex neurons. The validity of the results obtained from these experiments will then be tested by changing the valence of an odor-pairing it with sweet taste, and observing whether the previously- identified valence-related response patterns change accordingly. Finally, the source of valence-related firing patterns will be determined by combining optogenetic inactivation of a range of candidate regions with electrophysiological recordings of odor responses in olfactory cortex. Guided by the extant literature as well as a wealth of preliminary data, inactivation of taste cortex, the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex is hypothesized to affect valence-related firing patterns in olfactory cortex. The results obtained from these experiments will influence our understanding of emotion, memory, and a variety of clinical syndromes known to affect perception of valenced stimuli (most notably autism).

描述（由申请人提供）：气味感知不仅提供有关气味质量的信息（即气味是什么），而且还提供了观察者气味的情感含义的信息：除了潜在的麝香或果味外，气味还可以经历愉悦或厌恶的，在过去的offervers extection of Comperver的某种程度上取决于。人类受试者中的大脑成像研究表明，由于其与学习，记忆和情感播放涉及的神经系统的连通性，嗅觉皮质在代表气味价值方面起着核心作用。然而，尚不清楚，尚不清楚，气味质量编码为行为相关的气味价价编码为基础的细胞过程。本提案将电生理记录与气味价的行为度量相结合，以探测嗅觉皮质神经元小型合成对具有已知价值范围的气味的小集合。第一组实验旨在测试与价相关的神经发射方式以及何时出现在嗅觉皮层中的方式。基于我们实验室调查味觉系统中的价值编码的先前工作，具体的假设是气味质量和价均在单个嗅觉皮质神经元的动态响应模式中编码。然后，从这些实验中获得的结果的有效性将通过改变甜味的气味配对的价，并观察先前确定的价相关响应模式是否会发生相应的变化来测试。最后，通过将一系列候选区域的光学遗传失活与嗅觉皮层中的气味反应的电生理记录相结合，将确定与价相关的发射模式的来源。假设在现有文献以及大量初步数据，味道皮质的灭活，杏仁核和轨道额叶皮层的指导下，可以影响嗅觉皮质中与价相关的发射模式。 从这些实验中获得的结果将影响我们对情绪，记忆和各种临床综合征的理解，这些临床综合症已知会影响对价值刺激的感知（最著名的是自闭症）。