Neural mechanisms underlying vocal production

发声背后的神经机制

• 批准号: 8196797
• 负责人: XIAOQIN WANG
• 金额: $ 33.73万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-12-01 至 2014-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8196797
• 关键词: Address; Area; Behavior; Biological Models; Brain; Callithrix; Callithrix jacchus jacchus; Cerebral cortex; Chiroptera; Chronic; Coupled; Exhibits; Experimental Models; Hearing; Human; Laboratories; Laboratory Study; Methods; Modeling; Monkeys; Motor; Neurons; Personal Satisfaction; Physiological; Play; Primates; Process; Production; Property; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Societies; Songbirds; Speech; Techniques; Time; Wireless Technology; base; frontal lobe; interest; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; reproductive; research study; speech processing; vocal control; vocalization

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objective of the proposed research is to understand neural mechanisms underlying vocal production in the primate brain and their implications for human speech processing mechanisms in normal and pathological conditions. Earlier studies concluded that the cerebral cortex plays little role in vocal production in non-human primates, which is in sharp contrast to the role of human cortex in speech production and inconsistent with accumulating evidence from the past two decades. In this application, we will re-examine this important question using a highly vocal primate, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), as our experimental model. The marmoset provides a unique advantage over other non-human primate species typically used in laboratory studies in that it as a rich vocal repertoire and interesting vocal behaviors that are readily studied in laboratory conditions. In Aim 1, we will identify frontal cortex areas associated with vocal production in marmosets. The proposed experiments in this aim will take the advantage of a unique vocal behavior ("antiphonal calling") and a well-developed chronic recording technique to identify specific cortical areas in the marmoset brain involved in vocal production. Aim 2 will study physiological properties of neurons in the frontal cortex during vocal exchanges in freely roaming marmosets using a wireless recording technique. Experiments in this aim will help identify the network of cortical areas in the marmoset brain that are responsible for generating and controlling vocalizations. Aim 3 will examine the roles of specific frontal cortex areas in controlling vocal production using reversible inactivation methods. Findings from the proposed study will shed lights on neural mechanisms responsible for vocal production in the primate brain and have implications for understanding how the brain operates during speaking and hearing. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: How the brain processes speech is of the fundamental importance to the well-being of everyone in the society, but remains largely unknown to date. Findings of the present study will contribute to our understanding of neural mechanisms underlying vocal production in the primate brain. They will have important implications for understanding human speech production mechanisms in normal and pathological conditions. .

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议研究的目的是了解灵长类动物大脑中发声的神经机制及其对正常和病理条件下人类语音处理机制的影响。早期研究得出的结论是，大脑皮层在非人类灵长类动物的发声过程中几乎没有发挥作用，这与人类皮层在发声过程中的作用形成鲜明对比，并且与过去二十年积累的证据不一致。在此应用中，我们将使用高发声的灵长类动物——普通狨猴（Callithrix jacchus）作为我们的实验模型来重新审视这个重要问题。与通常用于实验室研究的其他非人类灵长类动物相比，狨猴具有独特的优势，因为它具有丰富的发声曲目和有趣的发声行为，很容易在实验室条件下进行研究。在目标 1 中，我们将确定与狨猴发声相关的额叶皮层区域。为此目的所提出的实验将利用独特的发声行为（“对声呼叫”）和成熟的慢性录音技术来识别狨猴大脑中参与发声的特定皮层区域。目标 2 将使用无线录音技术研究自由漫游的狨猴声音交流期间额叶皮层神经元的生理特性。这一目标的实验将有助于识别狨猴大脑中负责产生和控制发声的皮质区域网络。目标 3 将研究特定额叶皮层区域在使用可逆失活方法控制发声中的作用。这项研究的结果将揭示灵长类动物大脑中负责发声的神经机制，并对理解大脑在说话和听力过程中如何运作具有重要意义。 公共健康相关性：大脑如何处理言语对于社会中每个人的福祉至关重要，但迄今为止仍知之甚少。本研究的结果将有助于我们理解灵长类动物大脑中发声的神经机制。它们对于理解正常和病理条件下人类语音产生机制具有重要意义。 。