Panic-Relevant Sensations and Smoking Motivation

恐慌相关的感觉和吸烟动机

• 批准号: 8517281
• 负责人: Samantha Gwen Farris
• 金额: $ 3.45万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8517281
• 关键词: Accounting; Acute; Address; Adult; Affect; Affective; Air; Air Conditioning; Amplifiers; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Arousal; Attention; Award; Behavioral; Breathing; Carbon Dioxide; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Cigarette; Clinical; Clinical Research; Cognitive; Consensus; Development; Devices; Distress; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Emotional; Esthesia; Ethics; Expectancy; Experimental Designs; Fright; Gases; Goals; Individual; Individual Differences; Knowledge; Laboratories; Link; Maintenance; Measures; Medical; Mental Depression; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Motivation; National Institute of Drug Abuse; National Research Service Awards; Negative Reinforcements; Nicotine Withdrawal; Pain; Panic; Panic Attack; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Persons; Placebos; Play; Population; Prevention Research; Procedures; Process; Public Health; Randomized; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Relapse; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Research Support; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Strategic Planning; Stress; Subgroup; Support System; Symptoms; System; Testing; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Training; United States; Vital capacity; Work; base; bodily sensation; cigarette smoking; computerized; coping; craving; drug abuse prevention; experience; high risk; indexing; innovation; meetings; next generation; novel; public health relevance; research study; smoking cessation; social; success; therapeutic target; therapy development

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, accounting for nearly 443,000 deaths annually. Unfortunately, smoking cessation rates remain low and relapse is common. There is growing consensus that significant strides in helping smokers quit will likely be found in the ability to develop novel, specialized treatments that target the particular needs of subgroups of smokers, especially those who are at higher risk for relapse. One promising line of research in this domain has begun to study panic-prone and anxiety disordered populations, given (a) rates of smoking are double to that of non-psychiatric populations and (b) evidence that panic attacks and anxiety symptoms can significantly impair quit success. Research efforts have aimed to identify explanatory mechanisms that link panic attacks or anxiety states with the re-initiation and maintenance of smoking behavior. Anxiety sensitivity (AS) is a stable, but malleable, is a cognitive-based transdiagnostic construct that has been described as an "amplifier" of negative states, such anxiety, pain, or stress. Research suggests that smokers with elevated AS may be especially prone to smoke to relieve or avoid distressing bodily and emotional states (e.g., anxiety, panic attacks). Yet, past work on AS and smoking has employed descriptive or correlational methodology; has not directly measured the topography of smoking behavior; and has not integrated the role of acute, panic-relevant states on the relation between AS and smoking motivation (urges, cravings and observable smoking behavior). The current study aims to provide the empirical link between panic-relevant arousal and smoking motivation. It is hypothesized that laboratory-induced panic symptoms will be causally related to an increase in smoking motivation and that AS will moderate this effect. To address these hypotheses, 90 adult smokers (e15 cigarettes per day) will be recruited to participate in a laboratory experiment. Participants will be randomly assigned to inhale a single vital capacity of 35% carbon dioxide [CO2]-enriched air mixture or compressed room air (control condition); this procedure is a safe and frequently used provocation method for panic symptoms. Post-challenge, smoking motivation will be evaluated by self-reported urges and behavioral indices of cravings (latency to smoking) and smoking topography (puff velocity and inter-puff interval - measured by mouthpiece-based, computerized system; Clinical Research Support System). The proposed project will identify factors that increase the risk of drug use and abuse, which addresses the focus of the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) prevention research goals. Ultimately, in accordance with NIDA's 2010 strategic plan, the proposed study will (1) identify the characteristics and patterns of drug abuse and (2) understand how factors influence the various risk factors for drug abuse. Finally, the award will aid in the ethical, methodological, and substantive training of a promising researcher to address the need for translational, innovative research on tobacco and emotional vulnerability.

描述（由申请人提供）：吸烟是美国可预防死亡的主要原因，每年导致近 443,000 人死亡。不幸的是，戒烟率仍然很低，而且复吸很常见。人们越来越一致认为，帮助吸烟者戒烟的重大进展可能在于开发针对吸烟者亚群（尤其是复吸风险较高人群）特殊需求的新颖、专门治疗方法的能力。这一领域的一项有前途的研究已经开始研究容易惊恐和焦虑障碍的人群，因为（a）吸烟率是非精神病人群的两倍，以及（b）有证据表明惊恐发作和焦虑症状会严重损害退出成功。研究工作旨在确定将惊恐发作或焦虑状态与重新开始和维持吸烟行为联系起来的解释机制。焦虑敏感性（AS）是一种稳定但可塑的，是一种基于认知的跨诊断结构，被描述为负面状态（如焦虑、疼痛或压力）的“放大器”。研究表明，AS 升高的吸烟者可能特别容易通过吸烟来缓解或避免令人痛苦的身体和情绪状态（例如焦虑、惊恐发作）。然而，过去关于 AS 和吸烟的研究采用了描述性或相关性方法。尚未直接测量吸烟行为的分布；并且没有整合急性、恐慌相关状态对 AS 和吸烟动机（冲动、渴望和可观察到的吸烟行为）之间关系的作用。目前的研究旨在提供恐慌相关的唤醒和吸烟动机之间的实证联系。据推测，实验室引起的恐慌症状与吸烟动机的增加存在因果关系，而 AS 会缓和这种影响。为了验证这些假设，将招募 90 名成年吸烟者（每天 e15 支香烟）参与实验室实验。 参与者将被随机分配吸入单一肺活量的富含35%二氧化碳[CO2]的空气混合物或压缩室内空气（对照条件）；该程序是一种安全且经常使用的针对恐慌症状的激发方法。挑战后，将通过自我报告的冲动和渴望行为指数（吸烟潜伏期）和吸烟地形（抽吸速度和抽吸间隔 - 通过基于烟嘴的计算机系统测量；临床研究支持系统）来评估吸烟动机。拟议的项目将确定增加药物使用和滥用风险的因素，从而解决国家药物滥用研究所 (NIDA) 预防研究目标的重点。最终，根据NIDA的2010年战略计划，拟议的研究将（1）确定药物滥用的特征和模式，以及（2）了解各种因素如何影响药物滥用的各种风险因素。最后，该奖项将有助于对有前途的研究人员进行伦理、方法和实质性培训，以满足烟草和情感脆弱性转化、创新研究的需求。