Links between depression and executive function impairments in adolescents

抑郁症与青少年执行功能障碍之间的联系

• 批准号: 8526848
• 负责人: Hannah R. Snyder
• 金额: $ 4.71万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF DENVER (COLORADO SEMINARY)
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-01 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8526848
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Age; American; Anxiety; Area; Attention; Behavior; Clinical; Cognition; Cognitive; Data; Decision Making; Development; Early Intervention; Educational process of instructing; Emotional Stress; Emotions; Endogenous depression; Environment; Feedback; Feeling; Frustration; Future; Habits; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Individual; Interdisciplinary Study; Life; Link; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Major Depressive Disorder; Measures; Memory; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Methods; Modeling; National Institute of Mental Health; Neurobiology; Occupational; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Performance; Prevention approach; Prevention strategy; Problem Solving; Prospective Studies; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Stimulus; Testing; Training; Translational Research; Youth; behavior measurement; career; coping; daily functioning; depressive symptoms; design; executive function; experience; functional disability; innovation; longitudinal design; neurotoxic; novel; programs; public health relevance; recurrent depression; remediation; response; social; theories; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common mental illnesses, affecting approximately one out of every six Americans during their life, with many individuals experiencing their first depressive episode during adolescence. There is strong evidence that adults with MDD experience deficits in executive function (EF), the cognitive ability that allows us to respond flexibly to the environment and is thus essential for successfully navigating nearly all of our daily activities. However, it is unknown whether EF deficits (a) precede, and are a risk factor for, developing depression, (b) are a consequence of depression, or (c) both, setting up a positive- feedback loop leading to recurrent depression and increasing functional impairments. The vast majority of research on EF in depression has used cross-sectional designs and tested adults who have already experience one, or often multiple, episodes of depression; therefore the previous literature cannot address whether EF impairments are a risk factor for, or effect of, depression. In addition, a focus on adults misses key age period for both depression vulnerability and EF development: adolescence. The proposed research aims to make an innovative contribution by testing the temporal relations between EF and depression in adolescents. The proposed study uses a longitudinal design to investigate the direction of links between depression and EF in adolescents, and explore how those links may interact with stress and emotional trait risk factors and with biased attention to emotion. Participants will be adolescents from whom the sponsor has already collected multiple assessments of depression and depression risk factors. EF was not assessed in these previous sessions. Thus, for the proposed study, these adolescents will complete two additional sessions, 12 months apart, assessing EF and current depression. This design has a strong advantage over previous research because it enables directional hypotheses to be tested, by determining whether EF deficits proceed or follow the onset of depression. Understanding which of these models (e.g. EF as risk factor or effect of MDD) best accounts for EF deficits associated with depression will be critical for developing strategies for prevention and remediation. For example, if EF deficits are a risk factor for depression, adolescents who are vulnerable to depression (e.g. due to parental history of MDD) might benefit from early intervention to train EF or teach compensatory strategies to mitigate the effects of EF impairments. The proposed research thus has implications for future research on prevention approaches for adolescents at risk for depression.

描述（由申请人提供）：重度抑郁症（MDD）是最常见的精神疾病之一，一生中每六个美国人中大约有一个，许多人在青春期经历了第一次抑郁发作。有充分的证据表明，具有MDD的成年人在执行功能（EF）方面经历了缺陷，这使我们能够灵活地对环境做出反应，因此对于成功地导航我们几乎所有的日常活动至关重要。但是，尚不清楚EF缺陷（a）先前是抑郁症的危险因素，（b）是抑郁症的结果，或者（c）两者都建立一个正反馈回路，导致抑郁症和功能障碍增加。关于抑郁症中EF的绝大多数研究都使用了横截面设计和经过测试的成年人，他们已经经历了抑郁症的一种或经常多次多次发作。因此，以前的文献无法解决EF损伤是抑郁症或影响的危险因素。此外，对成年人的重点错过了抑郁症脆弱性和EF发展的关键年龄：青春期。拟议的研究旨在通过测试青少年EF和抑郁之间的时间关系来做出创新的贡献。拟议的研究使用纵向设计来研究青少年抑郁症与EF之间联系的方向，并探讨这些联系如何与压力和情感性状风险因素相互作用以及对情绪的偏见。参与者将是赞助商已经从中收集了对抑郁症和抑郁症危险因素的多次评估的青少年。在这些之前的会议中未评估EF。因此，对于拟议的研究，这些青少年将在相隔12个月的时间内完成两个额外的课程，以评估EF和当前的抑郁症。这种设计比以前的研究具有强大的优势，因为它可以通过确定EF缺陷是否进行或遵循抑郁症的发作来测试方向性假设。了解这些模型中的哪些（例如EF作为MDD的风险因素或影响）与抑郁症相关的EF缺陷的最佳说明对于制定预防和补救策略至关重要。例如，如果EF缺陷是抑郁症的危险因素，那么容易受到抑郁症的青少年（例如，由于MDD的父母历史）可能会受益于早期干预措施来培训EF或教授补偿性策略以减轻EF损害的影响。因此，拟议的研究对未来对抑郁症风险的预防方法的研究具有影响。