Prefrontal mechanisms for retrieval and selection in cognitive control

认知控制中检索和选择的前额叶机制

• 批准号: 8111957
• 负责人: Hannah R. Snyder
• 金额: $ 2.93万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-12 至 2012-07-11
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8111957
• 关键词: Affect; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Clinical; Cognitive; Communication; Computer Simulation; Consensus; Decision Making; Development; Disease; Dopamine; Environment; Failure; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Human; Human Characteristics; Individual Differences; Intelligence; Intervention; Investigation; Left; Maps; Measures; Memory; Modeling; N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors; Neural Network Simulation; Performance; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Recurrence; Research; Response to stimulus physiology; Retrieval; Role; Schizophrenia; Semantic memory; Simulate; adjudicate; cognitive control; executive function; experience; flexibility; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; neuromechanism; relating to nervous system; response; theories; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed research investigates the ability to respond flexibly and appropriately when a situation affords multiple possible responses. This aspect of executive function is compromised in many disorders affecting prefrontal cortex (PFC), contributing to problems in communication, planning, and decision-making. The research aims, first, to identify neural substrates supporting this flexibility, and second, to explore potential neural mechanisms. Progress in adjudicating between competing theories of the role of PFC regions in flexible responding has been limited by flawed measures and failure to manipulate demands within the same task. Two fMRI studies remedy these problems, in order to cleanly differentiate regions supporting controlled retrieval of responses, selection between competing task-relevant responses (underdetermined competition), and selection of a task-relevant response in the face of prepotent task-irrelevant competitors. There is debate as to the role of ventrolateral PFC (VLPFC) in selection versus controlled retrieval. The first study uses new unconfounded measures to identify VLPFC regions supporting these processes. Selection in the face of prepotent competition has been found to tap regions of dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) as well as VLPFC, but has not been contrasted with selection when there is underdetermined competition. A second study will contrast these two forms of competition. The second aim is to bridge levels of analysis, probing the mechanisms supporting controlled retrieval and selection using a neural network model. The model will allow investigation of the effects of NMDA receptor, GABA, and dopamine function which may contribute to cognitive control deficits in conditions such as schizophrenia, anxiety disorders and ADHD. A better understanding of the neural substrates and mechanisms supporting executive function is critical for developing better behavioral and pharmacological interventions to treat such cognitive control deficits. Relevance: We are constantly faced with the task of choosing one option from among many, such as when we select words to express a thought. This ability is impaired in many disorders, including ADHD, anxiety, and schizophrenia. These studies explore how the brain is able to choose between multiple options, and how these disorders may affect this ability, with the goal of aiding development of new treatments.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究调查了在情况提供多种可能的回应时灵活，适当地响应的能力。在影响前额叶皮层（PFC）的许多疾病中，执行功能的这一方面受到损害，这导致了沟通，计划和决策的问题。该研究旨在识别支持这种灵活性的神经底物，其次是探索潜在的神经机制。在竞争理论中，PFC区域在柔性响应中的作用之间的裁决方面的进展受到了缺陷的措施和未能在同一任务中操纵需求的限制。两项功能磁共振成像的研究补救了这些问题，以清洁区分支持控制响应的控制区域，与竞争与任务相关的响应（不确定的竞争）之间的选择，以及在面对前职业的任务 - IRRERRELERRELERRELELERRELERRELERRELERRELERRELERRELERRELERRELERRELERERRELERRELERRELERERERELERRELERELERRELERERRELERREL的竞争者面前选择与任务相关的响应。关于腹外侧PFC（VLPFC）在选择与受控检索中的作用存在争议。第一项研究使用新的无共同措施来识别支持这些过程的VLPFC区域。面对充满活力竞争的选择是在攻击背侧PFC（DLPFC）和VLPFC的区域，但是当没有确定的竞争不足时，选择与选择并没有对比。第二项研究将对比这两种形式的竞争。第二个目的是桥接分析水平，探测使用神经网络模型支持控制检索和选择的机制。该模型将允许研究NMDA受体，GABA和多巴胺功能的影响，这些功能可能会导致精神分裂症，焦虑症和ADHD等条件下的认知控制缺陷。更好地了解支持执行功能的神经底物和机制对于开发更好的行为和药理干预措施以治疗这种认知控制缺陷至关重要。相关性：我们不断面临从许多选择中选择一种选项的任务，例如当我们选择单词来表达思想时。这种能力在许多疾病中受损，包括多动症，焦虑和精神分裂症。这些研究探讨了大脑如何在多种选择之间进行选择，以及这些疾病如何影响这种能力，以帮助开发新疗法。

项目成果

When does stress help or harm? The effects of stress controllability and subjective stress response on stroop performance.

• DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00179
• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: Frontiers in psychology
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Henderson RK;Snyder HR;Gupta T;Banich MT
• 通讯作者: Banich MT

Major depressive disorder is associated with broad impairments on neuropsychological measures of executive function: a meta-analysis and review.

• DOI: 10.1037/a0028727
• 发表时间: 2013-01
• 期刊: PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN
• 影响因子: 22.4
• 作者: Snyder, Hannah R.