Exploring Neurological & Endocrine Determinants of Risk Behavior Decision-Making

探索神经病学

• 批准号: 8266523
• 负责人: Jacinda K. Dariotis
• 金额: $ 18.57万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-01 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8266523
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent; Adopted; Age; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Amygdaloid structure; Androgens; Anterior; Behavior; Behavior Disorders; Behavioral; Biological; Biology; Brain; Brain region; Computer Assisted; Decision Making; Development; Discipline; Dissociation; Drug Addiction; Drug Use Disorder; Drug abuse; Emotional; Endocrine; Endocrinology; Environment; Feeling; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Genital system; HIV; Hormonal; Hormones; Impulsivity; Individual; Interdisciplinary Study; Interview; Investigation; Knowledge; Learning; Left; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Medial; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; NIH Program Announcements; Neurologic; Neurosciences; Outcome; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Policies; Prefrontal Cortex; Prevention; Psyche structure; Relative (related person); Relative Risks; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Training; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk-Taking; Salivary; Sampling; Stress; Structure of superior temporal sulcus; Substance Use Disorder; Survey Methodology; Surveys; Swab; System; Testosterone; Text; Time; Training; Ventral Striatum; Woman; Work; Youth; association cortex; base; career; cognitive control; dehydroepiandrosterone; depressive symptoms; experience; frontal lobe; high risk; high risk sexual behavior; improved; interest; men; peer; physical conditioning; psychologic; public health relevance; response; sex; sex risk; socioeconomics; young adult; young man; young woman

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This K01 proposal entitled "Moving Toward Independence: Exploring neurological and endocrine determinants of adolescent and young adult risky behavior decision-making" in response to the program announcement (PA-09-040) proposes a rigorous mixed methods approach to examine how adolescents and young adults (ages 18-24) make decisions about engaging in risky behaviors. This one-year longitudinal study, the first of its kind, incorporates fMRI, salivary samples, genital swabs, and ACASI (Audio Computer Assisted Self-Interview) and in-the-moment text messaging survey methods into one project to examine neurological, hormonal, psychological, and contextual determinants of sexual risk practices and substance use and their related outcomes (e.g., HIV, STIs, substance use disorders, drug dependency, depression). The objective and specific aims of this study are listed below: Objective: The research questions motivating the proposed study are: Why do young adults engage in risky behaviors (sexual and substance use) when they are knowledgeable about consequences? To what extent do these youth experience feelings of depressive symptoms, heightened stress, and physical consequences (e.g., STIs, HIV, drug use disorders)? How do relationships between determinants of risk and outcomes change over time? Aim 1: Assess, using fMRI whether cognitive control brain regions of interest (CCROIs: prefrontal cortex pruning and parietal association cortex; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; ventromedial prefrontal cortex; anterior and posterior cingulate, and temporo-parietal cortices) and socio-emotional brain regions of interest (SEROIs: medial frontal cortex, left ventral striatum - in the accumbens, left superior temporal sulcus, left medial tempor- al, amygdala) are differentially active in youths who take fewer sexual and substance use risks relative to youths taking greater risks. Aim 2: Assess, via four salivary measures per day, whether testosterone (T) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels and diurnal patterns vary as a function of the cognitive control and socio-emotional network brain region activity and development for young women and men. Aim 3: Investigate how activation in cognitive control relative to socio-economic brain networks relates to youths' reports of (a) mental health outcomes and (b) physical health outcomes. By extension, assess how hormone and brain region patterns (e.g., high T with low cognitive control) relate to youths' reports of sexual risk, substance use, drug abuse and dependency, and mental health. Aim 4: Assess changes in brain function as well as hormone diurnal changes over one year's development and whether these changes are related to (1) each other and (2) changes/ stability in sexual risk behavior and substance use outcomes as well as mental health outcomes. At the completion of this project, as a young investigator I will (1) learn the fundamentals of neuroscience and endocrinology, sufficient to launch my independent career, and (2) have a better understanding of how hormones, brain region activity, and context influence a young person's risky behaviors and how these hormones and brain ROI relate to risky behaviors and mental health outcomes over time. This work will advance the current knowledge of adolescent and young adult decision-making and mental health and behavioral outcomes by creating and assessing a more comprehensive model via integrating psychological, biological, and contextual perspectives, and will serve as the basis for an R01 application and future analyses beyond the scope of this study. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Moving Toward Independence: Exploring neurological and endocrine determinants of adolescent and young adult risky behavior decision-making Project Narrative The candidate's immediate training and research agenda is to develop an improved and comprehensive understanding - using biological and survey measures - of how adolescents and young adults make decisions to engage in risky behaviors. The proposed 1-year longitudinal study focuses on understanding risky sexual practice and substance use decision making and related outcomes (e.g., HIV, STIs, substance use disorders, drug dependency, depression) from neuroscience and endocrinology perspectives, disciplines in which the candidate seeks training. This research agenda has major policy and prevention implications for adolescent and young adult well-being.

描述（由申请人提供）：此K01提案题为“朝着独立发展：探索青少年和年轻成人风险行为决策的神经和内分泌决定因素”，以回应计划公告（PA-09-040）提出了一种严格的混合方法研究青少年和年轻人（18-24岁）如何做出有关冒险行为的决定。这项为期一年的纵向研究（其中的第一项）将fMRI，唾液样品，生殖拭子和ACASI（音频计算机协助自我访问）和静脉内文本消息传递调查方法纳入一个项目，以检查神经系统，荷尔蒙，性风险实践和使用物质及其相关结果的心理和情境决定因素（例如艾滋病毒，性传播感染，药物使用障碍，药物依赖，抑郁症）。这项研究的目标和具体目的如下：目的：启发拟议研究的研究问题是：当年轻人了解后果时，为什么年轻人从事风险行为（性和物质使用）？这些青年在多大程度上体验到抑郁症状，压力增强和身体后果的感觉（例如，性传播感染，艾滋病毒，药物使用障碍）？风险决定因素和结果之间的关系如何随着时间而变化？目标1：使用fMRI评估感兴趣的认知控制大脑区域（CCROIS：前额叶皮层修剪和顶叶协会皮层；背外侧前额叶皮层；腹侧前额叶皮层；前额叶皮层；前侧和后侧缘感兴趣的（血清：内侧额叶皮层，左腹侧纹状体 - 在伏伏氏症中，左颞上沟，左侧颞叶，杏仁核）在年轻人中具有差异性活跃，这些年轻人相对于年轻人而言，相对于承担更大风险的年轻人的性和药物使用风险较少。 AIM 2：通过每天四项唾液措施评估，睾丸激素（T）和脱氢表甲酮（DHEA）水平和昼夜模式是否随认知控制和社会情感网络大脑区域的活动以及年轻女性和男性的发展而变化。 AIM 3：研究认知控制中相对于社会经济大脑网络的激活如何与青年人（a）心理健康结果和（b）身体健康结果的报道有关。通过扩展，评估激素和大脑区域模式（例如，具有低认知控制的高T）与青年的性风险，药物使用，药物滥用和依赖以及心理健康的报告有关。 AIM 4：评估一年发展中脑功能的变化以及激素的昼夜变化，以及这些变化是否与（1）彼此相关，以及（2）性风险行为和物质使用结果的变化/稳定性以及心理健康结果。该项目完成后，作为年轻的研究者，我将（1）学习神经科学和内分泌学的基础，足以启动我的独立职业，（2）对激素，大脑区域活动和上下文的影响有更好的了解年轻人的危险行为以及这些激素和大脑ROI如何与风险行为和心理健康结果随着时间的流逝有关。这项工作将通过整合心理，生物学和上下文观点来创建和评估更全面的模型，以创建和评估更全面的模型，并将其作为R01应用程序和R01应用程序的基础，从未来的分析超出了这项研究的范围。 公共卫生相关性：迈向独立性：探索青少年和成人风险行为决策项目叙事的神经系统和内分泌决定因素该候选人的即时培训和研究议程是通过使用青少年的生物学和调查措施来发展一种改进和全面的理解 - 年轻人决定从事冒险行为。拟议的为期1年的纵向研究着重于理解风险的性行为和物质使用决策和相关结果（例如，艾滋病毒，性传播感染，艾滋病毒，药物使用障碍，药物依赖，抑郁症），从神经科学和内分泌学角度，候选人寻求培训的学科， 。该研究议程对青少年和年轻人的福祉具有重大政策和预防影响。