Exploring Neurological & Endocrine Determinants of Risk Behavior Decision-Making

探索神经病学

• 批准号: 8111996
• 负责人: Jacinda K. Dariotis
• 金额: $ 18.57万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-01 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8111996
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent; Adopted; Age; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Amygdaloid structure; Androgens; Anterior; Behavior; Behavior Disorders; Behavioral; Biological; Biology; Brain; Brain region; Computer Assisted; Decision Making; Development; Discipline; Dissociation; Drug Addiction; Drug Use Disorder; Drug abuse; Emotional; Endocrine; Endocrinology; Environment; Feeling; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Genital system; HIV; Hormonal; Hormones; Impulsivity; Individual; Interdisciplinary Study; Interview; Investigation; Knowledge; Learning; Left; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Medial; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; NIH Program Announcements; Neurologic; Neurosciences; Outcome; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Policies; Prefrontal Cortex; Prevention; Psyche structure; Relative (related person); Relative Risks; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Training; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk-Taking; Salivary; Sampling; Stress; Structure of superior temporal sulcus; Substance Use Disorder; Survey Methodology; Surveys; Swab; System; Testosterone; Text; Time; Training; Ventral Striatum; Woman; Work; Youth; association cortex; base; career; cognitive control; dehydroepiandrosterone; depressive symptoms; experience; frontal lobe; high risk; high risk sexual behavior; improved; interest; men; peer; physical conditioning; psychologic; public health relevance; response; sex; sex risk; socioeconomics; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This K01 proposal entitled "Moving Toward Independence: Exploring neurological and endocrine determinants of adolescent and young adult risky behavior decision-making" in response to the program announcement (PA-09-040) proposes a rigorous mixed methods approach to examine how adolescents and young adults (ages 18-24) make decisions about engaging in risky behaviors. This one-year longitudinal study, the first of its kind, incorporates fMRI, salivary samples, genital swabs, and ACASI (Audio Computer Assisted Self-Interview) and in-the-moment text messaging survey methods into one project to examine neurological, hormonal, psychological, and contextual determinants of sexual risk practices and substance use and their related outcomes (e.g., HIV, STIs, substance use disorders, drug dependency, depression). The objective and specific aims of this study are listed below: Objective: The research questions motivating the proposed study are: Why do young adults engage in risky behaviors (sexual and substance use) when they are knowledgeable about consequences? To what extent do these youth experience feelings of depressive symptoms, heightened stress, and physical consequences (e.g., STIs, HIV, drug use disorders)? How do relationships between determinants of risk and outcomes change over time? Aim 1: Assess, using fMRI whether cognitive control brain regions of interest (CCROIs: prefrontal cortex pruning and parietal association cortex; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; ventromedial prefrontal cortex; anterior and posterior cingulate, and temporo-parietal cortices) and socio-emotional brain regions of interest (SEROIs: medial frontal cortex, left ventral striatum - in the accumbens, left superior temporal sulcus, left medial tempor- al, amygdala) are differentially active in youths who take fewer sexual and substance use risks relative to youths taking greater risks. Aim 2: Assess, via four salivary measures per day, whether testosterone (T) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels and diurnal patterns vary as a function of the cognitive control and socio-emotional network brain region activity and development for young women and men. Aim 3: Investigate how activation in cognitive control relative to socio-economic brain networks relates to youths' reports of (a) mental health outcomes and (b) physical health outcomes. By extension, assess how hormone and brain region patterns (e.g., high T with low cognitive control) relate to youths' reports of sexual risk, substance use, drug abuse and dependency, and mental health. Aim 4: Assess changes in brain function as well as hormone diurnal changes over one year's development and whether these changes are related to (1) each other and (2) changes/ stability in sexual risk behavior and substance use outcomes as well as mental health outcomes. At the completion of this project, as a young investigator I will (1) learn the fundamentals of neuroscience and endocrinology, sufficient to launch my independent career, and (2) have a better understanding of how hormones, brain region activity, and context influence a young person's risky behaviors and how these hormones and brain ROI relate to risky behaviors and mental health outcomes over time. This work will advance the current knowledge of adolescent and young adult decision-making and mental health and behavioral outcomes by creating and assessing a more comprehensive model via integrating psychological, biological, and contextual perspectives, and will serve as the basis for an R01 application and future analyses beyond the scope of this study. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Moving Toward Independence: Exploring neurological and endocrine determinants of adolescent and young adult risky behavior decision-making Project Narrative The candidate's immediate training and research agenda is to develop an improved and comprehensive understanding - using biological and survey measures - of how adolescents and young adults make decisions to engage in risky behaviors. The proposed 1-year longitudinal study focuses on understanding risky sexual practice and substance use decision making and related outcomes (e.g., HIV, STIs, substance use disorders, drug dependency, depression) from neuroscience and endocrinology perspectives, disciplines in which the candidate seeks training. This research agenda has major policy and prevention implications for adolescent and young adult well-being.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项题为“迈向独立：探索青少年和年轻人危险行为决策的神经和内分泌决定因素”的 K01 提案，作为对计划公告 (PA-09-040) 的回应，提出了严格的混合方法方法来检查青少年和年轻人（18-24 岁）如何做出有关从事危险行为的决定。这项为期一年的纵向研究是此类研究中的第一项，它将功能磁共振成像、唾液样本、生殖器拭子、ACASI（音频计算机辅助自我访谈）和即时短信调查方法纳入一个项目中，以检查神经学、激素水平性风险行为和物质使用及其相关后果的心理和背景决定因素（例如艾滋病毒、性传播感染、物质使用障碍、药物依赖、抑郁症）。本研究的目标和具体目的如下： 目的：推动本研究的研究问题是：为什么年轻人在了解后果的情况下仍会从事危险行为（性行为和物质使用）？这些青少年在多大程度上感受到抑郁症状、压力增大和身体后果（例如性传播感染、艾滋病毒、吸毒障碍）？风险决定因素和结果之间的关系如何随时间变化？目标 1：使用功能磁共振成像评估认知控制感兴趣的大脑区域（CCROI：前额叶皮层修剪和顶叶联合皮层；背外侧前额叶皮层；腹内侧前额叶皮层；前扣带回和后扣带回以及颞顶叶皮层）和社会情感大脑区域感兴趣的（SEROI：内侧额叶皮层、左腹侧纹状体 - 在伏隔核、左上与冒较大风险的青少年相比，冒较少性和物质使用风险的青少年的颞沟、左内侧颞叶、杏仁核的活跃程度不同。目标 2：通过每天四次唾液测量，评估年轻女性和男性的睾酮 (T) 和脱氢表雄酮 (DHEA) 水平和昼夜模式是否随认知控制和社会情感网络大脑区域活动和发育而变化。目标 3：调查与社会经济大脑网络相关的认知控制激活如何与青少年报告的 (a) 心理健康结果和 (b) 身体健康结果相关。通过扩展，评估激素和大脑区域模式（例如，高 T 和低认知控制）如何与青少年的性风险、物质使用、药物滥用和依赖性以及心理健康报告相关。目标 4：评估一年发育过程中大脑功能的变化以及激素的昼夜变化，以及这些变化是否与 (1) 彼此相关以及 (2) 性危险行为和物质使用结果以及心理健康的变化/稳定性相关结果。在这个项目完成后，作为一名年轻的研究者，我将（1）学习神经科学和内分泌学的基础知识，足以开始我的独立职业生涯，（2）更好地理解激素、大脑区域活动和环境如何影响年轻人的危险行为，以及随着时间的推移，这些激素和大脑投资回报率与危险行为和心理健康结果之间的关系。这项工作将通过整合心理、生物和情境视角创建和评估更全面的模型，从而推进当前对青少年和年轻人决策以及心理健康和行为结果的了解，并将作为 R01 应用程序和未来的分析超出了本研究的范围。 公共卫生相关性：迈向独立：探索青少年和年轻人危险行为决策的神经和内分泌决定因素 项目叙述 候选人的直接培训和研究议程是利用生物学和调查措施，对青少年如何进行改进和全面的了解年轻人做出从事危险行为的决定。拟议的为期一年的纵向研究侧重于从神经科学和内分泌学的角度以及候选人寻求培训的学科来了解危险的性行为和物质使用决策以及相关结果（例如艾滋病毒、性传播感染、物质使用障碍、药物依赖、抑郁症） 。该研究议程对青少年和年轻人的福祉具有重大的政策和预防影响。