Analytic Strategies and Cognitive Task Design to Study Neuropsychiatric Disorder

研究神经精神疾病的分析策略和认知任务设计

基本信息

批准号：
8342115
负责人：
Daniel Weinberger
金额：
$ 25.63万
依托单位：
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
至
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8342115
关键词：
Accounting Address Affect Area Biological Assay Brain Brain Diseases California Catechol O-Methyltransferase Categories Characteristics Clinical Clothing Cognition Cognitive Collaborations Complex Control Groups Data Data Collection Diagnosis Disease Dopamine Episodic memory Fruit Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Genes Genetic Genetic Polymorphism Genetic Risk Genotype Impairment Individual Individual Differences Investigation Laboratories Learning Literature Maintenance Measures Memory Memory impairment Mental disorders Methods Modeling Nature Neurobiology Neuropsychology Noise Patients Pattern Performance Phenotype Population Probability Process Protocols documentation Psychotic Disorders Reporting Role Sampling Schizophrenia Scoring Method Semantics Short-Term Memory Siblings Signal Transduction Spices System Techniques Testing United States National Institutes of Health Update Verbal Learning Work base cognitive control cognitive neuroscience cognitive system design information processing interest neurophysiology neuropsychiatry neuropsychological novel novel strategies patient population performance tests programs semantic processing tool visual learning

项目摘要

Longenecker, et al 2010 investigated mechanisms underlying work list recall in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Our group used the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), a widely used neuropsychological word list learning task, to examine recall strategies. The CVLT list consist of 16 words comprised of 4 semantic categories -spices, tools, fruits and clothes- each containing 4 words. The list were presented orally then freely recalled by the subject. It has been previously reported that subjects who recall the most words employ semantic techniques, as opposed to poor recall subjects who generally use serial techniques. In this study, we developed novel measures, independent of recall performance to compare strategies across trials and identify whether diagnosis predicts recall strategy. A recent study showed that patients with schizophrenia performed poorly on verbal and visual learning tasks, but their unaffected sibling showed poor performance only on measures of verbal learning, which suggest that verbal processing may represent a cognitive phenotype. Examining the nature of verbal memory impairment using the CVLT showed that strategy predicted performance of patients. Since patients with schizophrenia have a wide range of deficits, as assessed by episodic verbal memory tasks, we used subjects with verbal impairments to examine mechanisms of strategies used during free list recall. CVLT performance was measured using the words recalled from the first and fifth trials, the improvement between the two trials, and overall recall across all five trials. Mnemonic strategies employed were assayed using semantic and serial clustering scores. Semantic clustering was defined as recall of categorically similar words, one after another, and serial clustering was defined as sequential recall of words according to order of presentation. Novel measures of recall and transition probability were calculated and analyzed by permutation tests. Our subjects were selected based upon CVLT performance over five trials. From the 450 subject data evaluated, the test sample included 50 highest and 50 lowest performers among healthy controls (n=100) and patients with schizophrenia (n=100). Results: We predicted that performance level would be an indicator of strategy as diagnosis. Likewise, in previously reported literature, we expected CVLT scores would predict performance level regardless of group. Generally, people who recall the most words used the semantic clustering technique, and those who had poor recall employed the serial technique. This was shown in the healthy control CVLT fifth trial where the most number of words were recalled, used the semantic clustering technique. Recall patterns and strategies of patients resembled those from the control group with similar performance levels, regardless of diagnosis. Low performers were more likely to recall the first two and last four words from the list, while high performers increased involvement of semantic-based transition across all five trials, while low performers did not. Examination of our CVLT data showed that high performers, both patients and controls, employed both serial and semantic strategies. The strategies seemed to change with trial learning. Because this information was not captured on the CVLT standard scoring method, we developed a different approach to analyze recall which takes into account simultaneous recall strategies that relate the changes in performance during learning. This approach provides a framework with which to re-examine both the underlying cognitive mechanisms of poor verbal recall, but also the neurobiology as determined by both functional brain networks and genetic functional polymorphisms. Using this tool we may gain understanding of individual differences in modulation of the verbal recall process by both illness and genes. In addition, we developed a novel method to calculate strategy in free recall of word lists via a data-driven approach of computing similarities between recall orders across all learning trials. This approach offers more specific information by calculating probabilities for every possible pair of words rather than for each trial or an average value across all five trials. Our method evaluates the effects of individual words as well as the interaction of predetermined categories and word order. Another benefit of this approach is that it can be modified to adjust for additional measures such as semantic activation through recall of nonadjacent words or effects to recall order. Conclusion: The novel approach we developed identified and addresses issues using the standard CVLT analytic formulas. Recall and transition probability measures showed that in free recall of a list the number of words recalled is predictive of the strategy employed whereby semantic strategy resulted in a higher number of words recalled. We also showed that high performing patients depend on semantic strategies, which suggest that semantic disorganization may not be characteristic of patients with schizophrenia. In summary, cognitive strategy must be considered independently of overall performance before attributing poor performance to degraded learning processes. Our findings have shown the importance of departing from the accepted, widely used scoring techniques, particularly in clinical populations of patients with schizophrenia for whom episodic memory deficits are a characteristic feature. In addition, this novel approach can be applied to other word list paradigms and clinical populations and has the sensitivity to explore specific word-to-word relationships and how they impact verbal recall strategy.

Longenecker等人2010年研究了精神分裂症和健康对照患者的工作清单召回机制。我们的小组使用了一项广泛使用的神经心理学单词清单学习任务的加利福尼亚语言学习测试（CVLT）来检查回忆策略。 CVLT列表由16个单词组成，该单词由4个语义类别，工具，水果和衣服组成，每个单词包含4个单词。该列表被口头介绍，然后由主题自由召回。以前据报道，回忆起最多单词的主题采用语义技术，而不是通常使用串行技术的召回对象。在这项研究中，我们开发了新的措施，独立于召回绩效，以比较跨试验的策略，并确定诊断是否预测了召回策略。最近的一项研究表明，精神分裂症患者在言语和视觉学习任务上表现不佳，但是他们未受影响的兄弟姐妹仅在言语学习方面表现出较差的表现，这表明言语处理可能代表一种认知表型。使用CVLT检查言语记忆障碍的性质表明，策略预测了患者的表现。通过通过情节性口头记忆任务评估，精神分裂症患者的缺陷范围很大，因此我们使用了口头障碍的受试者来检查免费列表回忆中使用的策略的机制。使用第一个和第五个试验中的召回的单词，两项试验之间的改进以及在所有五项试验中的总体回忆中测量了CVLT性能。使用语义和串行聚类分数测定了采用的助记符策略。语义群集定义为对单词的回忆，一个接一个地，串行聚类被定义为按照呈现顺序对单词进行顺序召回。通过置换测试计算并分析了回忆和过渡概率的新型测量。我们的受试者是根据五个试验的CVLT性能选择的。从评估的450个受试者数据中，测试样本包括健康对照组（n = 100）和精神分裂症患者（n = 100）中的50名最高和50个表现最低的人。结果：我们预测绩效水平将是策略作为诊断的指标。同样，在先前报道的文献中，我们预计CVLT得分将预测性能水平，而不论群体如何。通常，回忆起最多单词的人使用语义聚类技术，而召回率的人则采用了串行技术。这在健康对照CVLT第五试验中显示了这一点，其中召回了最多的单词，使用语义聚类技术。召回患者的模式和策略类似于对照组的表现水平相似的对照组，无论诊断如何。表现低下的人更有可能回忆列表中的前两个和最后四个单词，而高性能者在所有五个试验中都增加了基于语义的过渡的参与，而低表现者则没有。对我们的CVLT数据的检查表明，患者和对照组都采用了串行和语义策略。这些策略似乎随着试验学习而改变。由于此信息未在CVLT标准评分方法上捕获，因此我们开发了一种分析召回召回的方法，该方法同时考虑了与学习过程中绩效变化相关的召回策略。这种方法提供了一个框架，可以通过功能性脑网络和遗传功能多态性确定的言语不良的基本认知机制来重新审查这两个基本认知机制。使用此工具，我们可能会通过疾病和基因来了解口头回忆过程调制过程中的个体差异。此外，我们开发了一种新颖的方法，可以通过数据驱动的方法在所有学习试验中计算召回订单之间的相似性来计算策略。这种方法通过计算每对可能的单词而不是每个试验的概率或在所有五个试验中的平均值来提供更具体的信息。我们的方法评估了单个单词的影响以及预定类别和单词顺序的相互作用。这种方法的另一个好处是，可以通过回忆起非洲的单词或效果来调整其他措施，例如语义激活，以召回顺序。结论：我们开发的新方法鉴定出来，并使用标准CVLT分析公式解决了问题。召回和过渡概率度量表明，在自由召回列表中，召回的单词数量可以预测使用语义策略导致更高数量召回的策略所采用的策略。我们还表明，高表现患者取决于语义策略，这表明语义混乱可能不是精神分裂症患者的特征。总而言之，必须将认知策略独立于整体绩效视为，然后再将差的绩效归因于降级学习过程。我们的发现表明，脱离公认的，广泛使用的评分技术的重要性，尤其是在精神分裂症患者的临床群体中，偶发记忆缺陷是一个特征。此外，这种新颖的方法可以应用于其他单词列表范式和临床人群，并具有探索特定单词对单词关系以及它们如何影响口头回忆策略的敏感性。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Perception of self and other in psychosis: a method for analyzing the structure of the phenomenology.

精神病中自我和他人的感知：一种分析现象学结构的方法。

DOI：
10.1016/j.psychres.2008.12.017
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
Psychiatry research
影响因子：
11.3
作者：
Dean,Claire;Elvevag,Brita;Storms,Gert;Diaz-Asper,Catherine
通讯作者：
Diaz-Asper,Catherine

Where words fail, music speaks: isolated memory processes in a musical patient with schizophrenia.

当语言无法表达时，音乐会说话：患有精神分裂症的音乐患者的孤立记忆过程。

DOI：
10.1016/j.schres.2009.02.015
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
Schizophrenia research
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Skelley,ShaynaL;Miranda,RobbinA;Ullman,MichaelT;Apud,JoséA;Weinberger,DanielR;Elvevåg,Brita
通讯作者：
Elvevåg,Brita

Thinking about semantic concepts in schizophrenia: the more familiar the less deviation.

对精神分裂症语义概念的思考：越熟悉越少偏差。

DOI：
10.1016/j.schres.2009.11.013
发表时间：
2010
期刊：
Schizophrenia research
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Storms,Gert;Elvevåg,Brita
通讯作者：
Elvevåg,Brita

Neural correlates of probabilistic category learning in patients with schizophrenia.

DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.4341-08.2009
发表时间：
2009-01-28
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
0
作者：
Weickert TW;Goldberg TE;Callicott JH;Chen Q;Apud JA;Das S;Zoltick BJ;Egan MF;Meeter M;Myers C;Gluck MA;Weinberger DR;Mattay VS
通讯作者：
Mattay VS

Exaggerations in consultations between psychiatrists and patients suffering from psychotic disorders.

精神科医生和精神病患者之间的咨询夸大其词。