Cortical Processing of visual information during alert and non-alert brain state

警觉和非警觉大脑状态下视觉信息的皮层处理

• 批准号: 8238773
• 负责人: HARVEY A SWADLOW
• 金额: $ 39.25万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-08-01 至 2015-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8238773
• 关键词: Accidents; Accounting; Action Potentials; Address; Affect; Anesthesia procedures; Animals; Area; Axon; Behavior Disorders; Behavioral; Biological Models; Brain; Cells; Clinical Research; Cognitive; Contrast Sensitivity; Development; Disease; Dorsal; Electric Stimulation; Eye; Frequencies; Future; Generations; Health; Human; Interneurons; Lateral Geniculate Body; Lead; Life; Measures; Membrane Potentials; Mental Health; Methods; Nature; Neurons; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Output; Pathway interactions; Perception; Play; Population; Positioning Attribute; Process; Process Measure; Property; Psyche structure; Research; Sensory Process; Sleep; Staging; Structure; Synaptic Transmission; System; Testing; Thalamic structure; V1 neuron; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Work; alertness; awake; base; corticogeniculate; excitatory neuron; extracellular; information processing; inhibitory neuron; orientation selectivity; receptive field; research study; response; vigilance; visual information; visual performance; visual process; visual processing; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal aims to understand the changes in visual processing that occur when subjects shift between alert and non-alert waking states. Thanks to the development of behavioral methods for the control of eye position, great advances have been made in understanding central mechanisms of visual perception of alert, attentive subjects. However, there is little understanding of cortical processes that come into play when alertness wanes. The awake, non-alert state is not equivalent to anesthesia, or to sleep states. When non-alert, we are capable of perception, but our perceptual capacities differ. It is commonly believed that "accidents happen" when we are not alert, but the extent to which early thalamic or visual cortical mechanisms may be responsible for this (as opposed to higher cognitive processes) is an open question. This proposal relies on a unique model system that is very well-suited to address this question: the awake rabbit, an animal whose "inner mental life" transparently shifts between alert and non- alert states, and whose stable eyes and diffident nature make it an ideal subject for these experiments. The proposed research will examine how changes in the brain state of awake subjects influence the multiple, sequential stages of information processing that occur within the visual thalamocortical and intracortical network. The experiments will measure state- dependent changes in the visual response properties of excitatory and inhibitory neurons at the input and output layers of the cortex and will investigate the underlying mechanisms leading to these changes, at the subthreshold and spiking level. This work will lead to a better understanding of cortical mechanisms of visual processing in a dynamic, awake brain. From a health perspective, these studies will have an important impact on our understanding of how alertness/vigilance deficits can impact visual perception and performance, and will provide the basis for future clinical studies of human mental health and behavioral disorders. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The current work will have an important impact on our understanding of how alertness/vigilance deficits can impact visual perception and performance. A disruption in response gain within thalamocortical systems has been associated with mental diseases that involve changes in sensory processing and the level of vigilance. This proposal will reveal the mechanisms that modulate response gain within the visual thalamocortical system and, by doing so, it will provide the basis for future clinical studies of human mental health and behavioral disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案旨在了解当受试者在警报和非出版唤醒状态之间移动时发生的视觉处理变化。得益于发展行为方法以控制眼睛位置的发展，在理解对警报，细心受试者的视觉感知的中心机制方面已取得了巨大进步。但是，当警觉性逐渐减弱时，对皮质过程几乎没有理解。清醒的非遗嘱状态不等于麻醉或睡眠状态。当非掌握时，我们有感知能力，但是我们的感知能力有所不同。人们普遍认为，当我们不警觉时，“事故发生”，但是早期的丘脑或视觉皮质机制可能是为此负责的（而不是更高的认知过程）是一个悬而未决的问题。该提议依赖于一个非常适合解决这个问题的独特模型系统：醒着兔子，一种“内在的心理生活”在警报和非警报状态之间透明地转移，其稳定的眼睛和差异性使其成为这些实验的理想主题。拟议的研究将研究醒目受试者的大脑状态的变化如何影响视觉丘脑皮质和皮质内网络中发生的多个信息处理的顺序阶段。实验将测量兴奋性和抑制性神经元视觉响应特性的状态依赖性变化，在皮质的输入和输出层，并将研究 在子阈值和尖峰水平上导致这些变化的基本机制。这项工作将导致对动态，清醒大脑中视觉处理的皮质机制有更好的了解。从健康的角度来看，这些研究将对我们对警觉性/警惕性赤字如何影响视觉感知和表现的理解产生重要影响，并将为对人类心理健康和行为障碍的未来临床研究提供基础。 公共卫生相关性：当前的工作将对我们对机敏/警惕性赤字如何影响视觉感知和表现的理解产生重要影响。丘脑皮质系统内的反应增长的破坏与涉及感觉处理和警惕程度的变化的精神疾病有关。该提案将揭示调节视觉丘脑皮质系统中反应增长的机制，并通过此机制为未来的人类心理健康和行为障碍的临床研究提供基础。