GAZE PERCEPTION ABNORMALITIES IN INFANTS WITH ASD

自闭症谱系障碍婴儿的凝视感知异常

• 批准号: 8243586
• 负责人: KATARZYNA CHAWARSKA
• 金额: $ 29.31万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8243586
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Affective; Age; Area; Attention; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Neural Networks; Birth; Brain imaging; Categories; Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Clinical; Clinical assessments; Cognitive; Collaborations; Color; Complex; Control Groups; Cues; Detection; Development; Developmental Delay Disorders; Developmental Disabilities; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Discrimination; Early treatment; Event; Exhibits; Eye; Eye Movements; Face; Feeling; Foundations; Goals; Grouping; Heterogeneity; Image; Impairment; Infant; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Learning; Life; Link; Location; Measures; Mechanics; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Motion; Neurobiology; Nursery Schools; Ocular Fixation; Outcome Measure; Participant; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Predictive Value; Procedures; Process; Reaction; Reaction Time; Research; Saccades; Sampling; Scanning; Schools; Screening procedure; Series; Side; Social Conditions; Social Development; Social Perception; Socialization; Source; Specific qualifier value; Stimulus; Subgroup; System; Techniques; Testing; Thinking; Time; Toddler; Toy; Training; Visual; Visual attention; Work; autism spectrum disorder; base; behavior test; cognitive system; data management; design; directed attention; expectation; gaze; high risk; impression; indexing; infancy; innovation; instrument; joint attention; movie; neural circuit; neuromechanism; preference; research study; sample fixation; skills; social; social cognition; social communication; sound; vocalization

Deficits in making eye contact and limited ability to benefit from communicative and affective information provided through gaze are amongst the defining features of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in the second and third year. Considering that gaze perception (GP) constitutes one of the key components of social cognition these early deficits are likely to have a cascading effect on the development of more complex social-cognitive skills later on. Identification of specific GP skills that are impaired or spared by the pathogenic factors in ASD will be crucial for isolating the underlying mechanisms, designing diagnostic instruments for infants, as well as selecting specific skill areas for treatment. The specific aims of Project II are to examine whether infants with ASD: (1) have impaired detection of and preference for faces with direct gaze; (2) show selective impairment in detecting gaze-related spatial contingencies; (3) have impairments in perception of gaze-related intentional actions. We will also explore a possibility of identifying subtypes within the autism spectrum with regard to GP skills as well as the relationship between GP abnormalities and cognitive, social, adaptive and communicative functioning. The experimental outcome measures will be derived from visual fixation patterns and saccadic reaction measures recorded using an eye-tracking system. Participants will include 12- to 24-month-old infants with ASD (N=60), Developmental Delays (DD) (N=60), and Typical Developing (TD) controls (N=60). Targeting 12- to 24-month-old infants will allow the examination of the emerging deficits in gaze processing in ASD at the same time as these skills develop and become fully functional in typical development and before their expression can be altered by treatment (e.g., through explicit training to attend to faces and eyes). Through Project II we are striving to discover behavioral markers of ASD in infants, which could subsequently be utilized to develop feasible screening methods for infants. Further, identification of the aspects of gaze processing that are impaired and those that are preserved in ASD will provide valuable indicators regarding the neural mechanisms that might be affected or preserved in late infancy, a period in which functional brain imaging is still very difficult to implement.

进行眼神交流和从交流和情感信息中受益的能力有限 通过目光提供的是自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的定义特征之一 和第三年。考虑到目光感知（GP）构成了社会的关键组成部分之一 认知这些早期缺陷可能对更复杂的发展产生级联影响 社会认知技能以后。识别特定的GP技能，这些技能受损害或幸免 ASD中的致病因素对于隔离基本机制至关重要，设计诊断 婴儿仪器以及选择特定的治疗技能领域。项目II的具体目标 正在检查ASD的婴儿是否受到检测受损和偏爱直接的面孔 目光; （2）在检测目光相关的空间突发事件时显示出选择性损害； （3）有障碍 对目光相关的故意行动的看法。我们还将探索识别子类型的可能性 关于GP技能以及GP异常与关系的自闭症谱系 认知，社会，适应性和交流功能。实验结果指标将是 来自视觉固定模式和使用眼睛跟踪系统记录的saccadic反应措施。 参与者将包括ASD（n = 60），发育延迟（dd）（n = 60）的12至24个月大的婴儿， 以及典型的发育（TD）控件（n = 60）。针对12至24个月大的婴儿将允许 在这些技能发展和 在典型发育中变得完全有效，并且在通过治疗可以改变它们的表达之前（例如， 通过明确的训练来参加面孔和眼睛）。通过第二个项目，我们正在努力发现 婴儿中ASD的行为标记，随后可以利用这些标记来开发可行的筛查 婴儿的方法。此外，识别受损的目光处理方面 在ASD中保存的将提供有关可能是神经机制的宝贵指标 在婴儿晚期受到影响或保存，在这个时期，功能性脑成像仍然很难 实施。