TOPOGRAPHY AND GENETICS OF SMOKING AND NICOTINE DEPENDENCE IN AMERICAN INDIANS

美洲印第安人吸烟和尼古丁依赖的地形和遗传学

• 批准号: 8376090
• 负责人: Jeffrey A Henderson
• 金额: $ 41.81万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-05-01 至 2015-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8376090
• 关键词: Affect; Age; American Indians; Bronchi; Candidate Disease Gene; Carcinoma; Cessation of life; Cigarette; Colorectal; Communities; Disease; Dopamine; Education; Generations; Genetic; Genetic Polymorphism; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Health; Individual; Intervention; Laws; Liver; Lung; Malignant Neoplasms; Metabolism; Nicotine; Nicotine Dependence; Participant; Pattern; Play; Policies; Population; Predisposing Factor; Predisposition; Prevalence; Public Health; Research; Role; Sales; Sampling; Serotonin; Shapes; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Smoking Prevention; Smoking Status; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Tribal group; Tribes; Work; Youth; cancer statistics; cigarette smoking; cohort; health disparity; member; mortality; non-genetic; northern plains; population health; programs; psychosocial; smoking cessation; smoking prevalence; trend

Lifetime smoking prevalence in Northern Plains American Indians (Al) is above 50%, more than double the rate in the overall U.S. population. More worrisome is that smoking prevalence is actually increasing among some Al youth. Our work demonstrates that Als have a unique pattern of smoking, with Als typically smoking one-half the number of cigarettes per day compared with smokers in the majority culture. We also observed that more recent generations of Als are initiating smoking at younger ages than in past generations. Yet few rigorous scientific studies have examined the genetic and non-genetic influences on patterns of tobacco use in Als. From 2001 to 2007, we conducted the Education and Research Towards Health (EARTH) study, which documented the prevalence of current smoking among Northern Plains' EARTH participants was 43%, compared to only 19% in the Southwest tribe. Although these differences are likely multi-factorial, the reasons for such radically, different smoking prevalences are unknown. To explicate these population-level differences in smoking patterns, we propose to examine the genetic and non-genetic factors associated with cigarette smoking patterns in a stratified random sample of 600 members in the original EARTH cohort. Our overarching hypothesis is that the susceptibility of Als to smoking and nicotine dependence has an underlying genetic component, due to gene variants related to dopamine, serotonin, and nicotine metabolism, as well as psychosocial, environmental, cultural, and contextual influences. Therefore, our specific aims are to: 1) Perform candidate-gene association studies between known smoking-related polymorphisms and smoking status; 2) Determine the association between smoking-related polymorphisms and nicotine dependence among smoker; and 3) Examine whether the pattern of association of specific polymorphisms with smoking status and nicotine dependence varies systematically by tribe. Cigarette smoking is the number 1 cause of preventable death in the U.S.^¿ The proposed research will illuminate the causes of smoking in 2 culturally distinct Al tribal groups, ultimately to identify targets for intervention at the individual and population levels. By understanding how particular genotypes, in concert with non-genetic factors, predispose some Al tribal groups to smoking, we can begin to affect smoking and the multitude of preventable and costly tobacco-related diseases. Including genetic information is unique in studies of smoking behaviors among Als, and may have a role in shaping smoking prevention and cessation programs at the individual and community level. Given the unique laws governing tobacco sales on tribal lands, our findings could have a myriad of programmatic and policy-related public health impacts.

北部平原的美洲印第安人（AL）的终生吸烟率超过50％，两倍以上 美国总人口的比率。更担心的是，吸烟的患病率实际上正在增加 一些年轻人。我们的作品表明，所有人都有独特的吸烟模式，通常会吸烟 与多数文化中的吸烟者相比，每天的香烟数量是一半。我们也观察到 最近几代人比过去几代人在年轻人中吸烟。但是很少 严格的科学研究检查了对烟草使用模式的遗传和非遗传影响 在ALS中。从2001年到2007年，我们对健康（Earth）研究进行了教育和研究， 记录了北平原参与者当前吸烟的流行率为43％， 相比之下，西南部落只有19％。尽管这些差异可能是多因素的 这种根本上的原因，不同的吸烟流行率尚不清楚。阐明这些人群级别 吸烟模式的差异，我们建议检查与 原始地球队列中600名成员的分层随机样品中的吸烟模式。我们的 总体假设是，所有人对吸烟和尼古丁依赖性的敏感性具有 基本遗传成分，由于与多巴胺，5-羟色胺和尼古丁有关的基因变异 代谢以及社会心理，环境，文化和情境影响。因此，我们的 具体目的是：1）在已知吸烟有关 多态性和吸烟状况； 2）确定与吸烟相关的多态性之间的关联 吸烟者中的尼古丁依赖性； 3）检查特定的关联模式是否 部落有系统的依赖性和尼古丁依赖性的多态性因部落而变化。卷烟 吸烟是美国可预防死亡的第一名，拟议的研究将阐明 在两个文化上不同的部落群体中吸烟的原因，最终是为了确定干预目标 个人和人口水平。通过了解特定的基因型与非基因的一致 因素，使某些部落群体容易吸烟，我们可以开始影响吸烟和众多 可预防且昂贵的烟草相关疾病。包括遗传信息在研究中是独一无二的 ALS之间的吸烟行为，可能在塑造预防吸烟和戒烟计划中发挥作用 在个人和社区层面。考虑到管理部落土地上烟草销售的独特法律，我们的 调查结果可能会产生无数的计划和政策相关的公共卫生影响。