Core C: Materials Core

核心C：材料核心

基本信息

批准号：
8379668
负责人：
Slawo M Lomnicki
金额：
$ 23.22万
依托单位：
LOUISIANA STATE UNIV A&M COL BATON ROUGE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
至
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8379668
关键词：
Benzene Binding Chemicals Collaborations Copper Custom Deposition Devices Dose Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy Electron Transport Environment Environmental Health Experimental Designs Faculty Free Radical Formation Free Radicals Generations Goals Hazardous Chemicals Hazardous Substances In Situ Laboratories Metals Methods Molecular Morphology Nature Oxides Particle Size Particulate Particulate Matter Phenols Process Property Publications Reaction Research Research Personnel Research Project Grants Roentgen Rays Sampling Silicon Dioxide Soil Soot Soot particle Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Superfund Surface System Techniques Temperature Testing Time Transition Elements Ultrafine Vacuum chemical property design dibenzo(1,4)dioxin dibenzofuran experience innovation interest iron oxide member metal oxide monolayer oxidation particle physical property pollutant pollutant interaction research study ultrafine particle wasting

项目摘要

The Materials Core provides samples of well-characterized Superfund-related particles and surrogates designed to test specific research hypotheses for study by the 6 research projects. The Core was constructed to assist in the study of the health and environmental effects of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) associated with transition metal-containing particulate matter (PM). Our researchers have discovered EPFRs are formed by chemisorption of aromatic chlorinated benzenes, chlorinated phenols, and other types of phenols to metal oxides, followed by electron transfer that reduces the metal and forms the EPFR. These EPFRs can persist in the environment and are biologically active. At high concentrations in combustion and thermal processing systems, they also self-react to form new pollutants such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. Because fine particles and ultrafine particles have high surface-to-volume ratios and increased reactivity due to unsatisfied valences, they may be particularly prone to EPFR formation. The Core has developed facilities and techniques to synthesize: i) fine and ultrafine particles of silica coated with a monolayer of transition metals such as copper oxide and iron oxide; ii) fine and ultrafine silica particles containing size-controlled nanodomains of the same transition metals; iii) ultrafine particles of pure copper and iron oxides; iv) any of these particles with associated environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs); and v) appropriate control samples. The Core has also established the capabilities to characterize field samples from contaminated Superfund soils and particulate emissions of devices for thermal treatment of hazardous substances for EPFRs using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and molecular precursors using GC-MS and other standard laboratory techniques. The Core has developed systematic approaches for receiving sample requests, establishing chain of custody, and storing particles under vacuum where they will not degrade prior to use. The Core Director has a record of successful collaborations with each of the Project Leaders over the past 5 years, leading to multiple publications.

材料核心提供了与超级基金相关的良好表征的粒子和替代物样本，旨在测试 6 个研究项目的具体研究假设。该核心的构建是为了协助研究与含过渡金属的颗粒物 (PM) 相关的环境持久性自由基 (EPFR) 对健康和环境的影响。我们的研究人员发现 EPFR 是通过芳香族氯化苯、氯化苯酚和其他类型的酚类化学吸附到金属氧化物上形成的，然后通过电子转移还原金属并形成 EPFR。这些 EPFR 可以持久存在于环境中并且具有生物活性。在燃烧和热处理系统中浓度较高时，它们还会发生自反应，形成新的污染物，例如多氯二苯并二恶英和二苯并呋喃。由于细颗粒和超细颗粒具有较高的表面积与体积比，并且由于价态不满足而导致反应性增加，因此它们可能特别容易形成 EPFR。该核心开发了合成设施和技术： i) 涂有单层过渡金属（如氧化铜和氧化铁）的二氧化硅细颗粒和超细颗粒； ii) 含有相同过渡金属的尺寸受控纳米域的细二氧化硅颗粒和超细二氧化硅颗粒； iii) 纯铜和铁氧化物的超细颗粒； iv) 任何与环境持久性自由基 (EPFR) 相关的颗粒； v) 适当的对照样品。该核心还建立了利用电子顺磁表征来自受污染的超级基金土壤的现场样品和 EPFR 有害物质热处理装置的颗粒排放的能力。使用 GC-MS 和其他标准实验室技术进行共振 (EPR) 光谱和分子前体分析。该核心开发了系统方法来接收样品请求、建立监管链以及在真空下储存颗粒，使它们在使用前不会降解。核心总监在过去 5 年里与每位项目负责人都有成功合作的记录，并发表了多篇出版物。