The Neural Basis of Social Knowledge

社会知识的神经基础

基本信息

批准号：
8270642
负责人：
Ingrid R Olson
金额：
$ 37.87万
依托单位：
TEMPLE UNIV OF THE COMMONWEALTH
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-07-15 至 2015-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8270642
关键词：
Ablation Adolescence Adolescent Adult Amygdaloid structure Anterior Area Autistic Disorder Brain Brain Part Brain region Categories Childhood Cognitive Collaborations Databases Development Disease Emotional Frontotemporal Dementia Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Funding Goals Grant Hormonal Change Human Individual Differences Instruction Investigation Knowledge Left Lesion Light Maps Medial Memory Mental disorders Methods Modality Nature Neurons Persons Play Process Psychologist Psychosocial Assessment and Care Regulation Research Role Semantic memory Semantics Sensory Series Social Behavior Social Hierarchy Social Perception Specificity Structure Structure of superior temporal sulcus Temporal Lobe Testing Visual abstracting base behavior measurement design developmental disease experience fusiform face area lexical processing nervous system disorder neuroimaging neuromechanism nonhuman primate novel psychologic public health relevance relating to nervous system research study segregation social social cognition social neuroscience social skills success

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In this application, the PI will explore the hypothesis that the anterior temporal lobes (ATL) are part of a neuronal network supporting social cognition and that they are specifically engaged when tasks demand access to social knowledge. Anatomical evidence from tractography and cellular studies, and functional evidence from ablation and neuroimaging studies, all indicate that portions of the ATL play some role in social cognition. More direct evidence that this region plays a specific role in processing social knowledge can be found in recent fMRI studies showing sensitivity to social semantic detail, and overlapping ATL activations to disparate tasks whose only similarity is their underlying social semantic structure. In this proposal, fMRI experiments are proposed that will examine three interrelated aims. The goal of Aim 1 is to validate the social knowledge hypothesis by assessing the specificity and generality of the ATLs sensitivity to social knowledge while simultaneously testing competing hypotheses. Aim 2 will map the topographic organization of this region to better understand its social and semantic functions. Aim 3 will extend findings in adults to the developing brain by assessing the neural underpinnings of social knowledge in adolescents. If funded, these studies promise to shed new light on the functionality of a rather enigmantic brain region, the ATL, and also to clarify its role in social cognition at different points in development. Because abberant social cognition is a hallmark of several psychiatric and neurological diseases, the experiments outlined in this proposal have implications for several diseases, including frontotemporal dementia. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Problems in comprehending and interacting with the social world underlie many psychiatric and neurological disorders. In this grant we propose experiments that will study a novel hypothesis that a part of the brain called the anterior temporal lobes, are involved a specific component process of social processing: storing and retrieving social knowledge. The knowledge gained from these experiments will be helpful in understanding the social deficits that accompany some forms of frontotemporal dementia as well as in understanding difficulties in acquiring social knowledge that accompany developmental disorders such as autism.

描述（由申请人提供）：在本申请中，PI 将探讨以下假设：前颞叶 (ATL) 是支持社会认知的神经元网络的一部分，并且当任务需要获取社会知识时，它们会专门参与。来自纤维束成像和细胞研究的解剖学证据，以及来自消融和神经影像学研究的功能证据，都表明 ATL 的某些部分在社会认知中发挥着一定作用。在最近的功能磁共振成像研究中可以找到更直接的证据，表明该区域在处理社会知识中发挥着特定作用，这些研究显示了对社会语义细节的敏感性，以及对不同任务的重叠 ATL 激活，这些任务唯一的相似之处在于其潜在的社会语义结构。在该提案中，提出了功能磁共振成像实验来检查三个相互关联的目标。目标 1 的目标是通过评估 ATL 对社会知识敏感性的特异性和普遍性来验证社会知识假设，同时测试竞争假设。目标 2 将绘制该地区的地形组织图，以更好地了解其社会和语义功能。目标 3 将通过评估青少年社会知识的神经基础，将成人的研究结果扩展到发育中的大脑。如果获得资助，这些研究有望为相当神秘的大脑区域 ATL 的功能提供新的线索，并阐明其在不同发育阶段的社会认知中的作用。由于异常的社会认知是多种精神和神经系统疾病的标志，因此本提案中概述的实验对包括额颞叶痴呆在内的多种疾病具有影响。公共卫生相关性：理解社会并与社会互动的问题是许多精神和神经疾病的根源。在这笔资助中，我们提出了实验来研究一个新的假设，即大脑的一部分称为前颞叶，涉及社会处理的特定组成过程：存储和检索社会知识。从这些实验中获得的知识将有助于理解伴随某些形式的额颞叶痴呆的社交缺陷，以及理解伴随自闭症等发育障碍而来的获取社交知识的困难。