The Neural Basis of Social Knowledge

社会知识的神经基础

基本信息

批准号：
7949139
负责人：
Ingrid R Olson
金额：
$ 38万
依托单位：
TEMPLE UNIV OF THE COMMONWEALTH
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-07-15 至 2015-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7949139
关键词：
Ablation Adolescence Adolescent Adult Amygdaloid structure Anterior Area Autistic Disorder Brain Brain Part Brain region Categories Childhood Cognitive Collaborations Databases Development Disease Emotional Frontotemporal Dementia Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Funding Goals Grant Hormonal Change Human Individual Differences Instruction Investigation Knowledge Left Lesion Light Maps Medial Memory Methods Modality Nature Neurons Persons Play Process Psychologist Psychosocial Assessment and Care Regulation Research Role Semantic memory Semantics Sensory Series Social Behavior Social Hierarchy Social Perception Specificity Structure Structure of superior temporal sulcus Temporal Lobe Testing Visual abstracting base behavior measurement design developmental disease experience fusiform face area lexical lexical processing nervous system disorder neuroimaging neuromechanism nonhuman primate novel psychologic public health relevance relating to nervous system research study segregation social social cognition social neuroscience social skills success

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In this application, the PI will explore the hypothesis that the anterior temporal lobes (ATL) are part of a neuronal network supporting social cognition and that they are specifically engaged when tasks demand access to social knowledge. Anatomical evidence from tractography and cellular studies, and functional evidence from ablation and neuroimaging studies, all indicate that portions of the ATL play some role in social cognition. More direct evidence that this region plays a specific role in processing social knowledge can be found in recent fMRI studies showing sensitivity to social semantic detail, and overlapping ATL activations to disparate tasks whose only similarity is their underlying social semantic structure. In this proposal, fMRI experiments are proposed that will examine three interrelated aims. The goal of Aim 1 is to validate the social knowledge hypothesis by assessing the specificity and generality of the ATLs sensitivity to social knowledge while simultaneously testing competing hypotheses. Aim 2 will map the topographic organization of this region to better understand its social and semantic functions. Aim 3 will extend findings in adults to the developing brain by assessing the neural underpinnings of social knowledge in adolescents. If funded, these studies promise to shed new light on the functionality of a rather enigmantic brain region, the ATL, and also to clarify its role in social cognition at different points in development. Because abberant social cognition is a hallmark of several psychiatric and neurological diseases, the experiments outlined in this proposal have implications for several diseases, including frontotemporal dementia. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Problems in comprehending and interacting with the social world underlie many psychiatric and neurological disorders. In this grant we propose experiments that will study a novel hypothesis that a part of the brain called the anterior temporal lobes, are involved a specific component process of social processing: storing and retrieving social knowledge. The knowledge gained from these experiments will be helpful in understanding the social deficits that accompany some forms of frontotemporal dementia as well as in understanding difficulties in acquiring social knowledge that accompany developmental disorders such as autism.

描述（由申请人提供）：在本申请中，PI将探讨以下假设：前颞叶（ATL）是支持社会认知的神经元网络的一部分，并且当任务要求访问社会知识时，它们专门参与。来自拖拉学和细胞研究的解剖学证据以及消融和神经影像学研究的功能证据都表明，ATL的一部分在社会认知中起着一定作用。更直接的证据表明该地区在处理社会知识中起着特定作用，可以在最近的功能磁共振成像研究中发现对社会语义细节的敏感性，以及对ATL激活重叠以不同的任务的重叠，这些任务唯一的相似性就是其基本的社会语义结构。在此提案中，提出了FMRI实验，该实验将检查三个相互关联的目标。目标1的目的是通过评估ATLS对社会知识的特异性和普遍性来验证社会知识假设，同时测试竞争假设。 AIM 2将绘制该地区的地形组织，以更好地了解其社会和语义功能。 AIM 3将通过评估青少年社会知识的神经基础来扩展成年人的发现到发展中的大脑。如果资助了这些研究，这些研究将有望将其新阐明，以了解一个相当神秘的大脑区域，即ATL的功能，并阐明其在不同发展点的社会认知中的作用。由于宽容的社会认知是几种精神病和神经系统疾病的标志，因此本提案中概述的实验对包括额颞痴呆在内的几种疾病具有影响。公共卫生相关性：理解和与社会世界互动的问题是许多精神病和神经系统疾病的基础。在这笔赠款中，我们提出了实验，将研究一个新的假设，即大脑的一部分被称为前颞叶，涉及社会处理的特定组成过程：存储和检索社会知识。从这些实验中获得的知识将有助于理解伴随某些形式的额颞痴呆症的社会缺陷，以及了解伴随自闭症等发育障碍的社会知识的困难。