Project 3: Consequences of As & Mn Exposure on Childhood Intelligence

项目 3：As 的后果

• 批准号: 8065866
• 负责人: Joseph H Graziano
• 金额: $ 43.86万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-21 至 2011-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8065866
• 关键词: 10 year old; Adult; Adverse effects; Age; Area; Arsenic; Bangladesh; Child; Childhood; Chronic; Communities; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Development; Dose; Education; Elements; Employee Strikes; Epidemiologic Studies; Exposure to; Funding; Grant; Growth; Guidelines; Health; Household; Human; Institutes; Intelligence; Malignant Neoplasms; Manganese; Measures; Metric; Neurologic; Neuropsychological Tests; Neurotoxins; New Hampshire; Outcome; Policies; Population; Prospective Studies; Public Health; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Reporting; Risk Assessment; Sampling; Schools; Soil; Structure of nail of toe; Testing; Tube; Urine; Vascular Diseases; Water; Work; age related; base; design; drinking water; exposed human population; fourth grade; improved; indium arsenide; remediation

During the past grant cycle, working in Araihazar, Bangladesh, where there is a wide range of both arsenic (As) and manganese (Mn) in drinking water, we have demonstrated that both elements have adverse effects on child intelligence. The current proposal seeks to further test and elaborate on the hypotheses that exposure to As and Mn are associated with deficits in intellectual function in two distinct population samples. The first draws on a U.S. population, for whom we are able to apply standardized scores to estimate the magnitude of the association with IQ. The second draws on a Bangladesh population to examine whether or not the effects of As on intellectual function are reversible; it takes advantage of a Columbia Earth Institute initiative to provide As-free deep tube-well water to an exposed population in Araihazar, Bangladesh. In New Hampshire (NH), we will conduct a cross-sectional study of 500 fourth-grade children to examine the relations between water As, water Mn and IQ. We selected schools to yield a sample in which roughly 70% will consume water from wells with < 10 ug As/L, 30% from wells with >10 ug/L, based on USGS data. The distribution of Mn in wells is less well characterized, but limited USGS data indicates that roughly 10% of wells in this region will have Mn concentrations above the EPA Health Advisory Level of 300 ug/L. In Bangladesh, we will test the hypothesis that provision of low As/low Mn tube wells is associated with improved intellectual function. We propose a two-year prospective study of 300 children (baseline ages 7-9) in Araihazar, Bangladesh. For each of the following 4 groups, 75 children will be recruited: a) low As, low Mn; b) low As, high Mn; c) high As, low Mn; d) high As, high Mn. Based on EPA guidelines, the definition of "low As" will be < 10ug/L, and "low Mn" will be < 300 ug/L After their initial intellectual assessment, children with high As wells will be provided access to low As/low Mn community wells and education to promote their use. Children will be assessed before remediation and at 12- and 24-months post-remediation. Given that in the U.S., approximately 1.3 million people are exposed to > 10 ug/L As in drinking water, and household Mn, though less well characterized, is known to be elevated in several states (e.g. PA, NH), identification of adverse effects on childhood intelligence may have significant impact both on public health and on establishment of policies to reduce exposure.

在过去的资助周期中，在孟加拉国阿赖哈扎尔工作，那里有广泛的 饮用水中的砷（As）和锰（Mn），我们已经证明这两种元素对 对孩子智力的影响。当前的提案旨在进一步测试和阐述以下假设： 在两个不同的人群样本中，接触砷和锰与智力功能缺陷有关。 第一个以美国人口为对象，我们可以应用标准化分数来估计他们的 与智商的关联程度。第二个研究以孟加拉国人口为对象来检验是否或 As 对智力功能的影响不是可逆的；它利用了哥伦比亚地球研究所的优势 为孟加拉国阿赖哈扎尔的暴露人口提供无砷深管井水的倡议。 在新罕布什尔州 (NH)，我们将对 500 名四年级儿童进行横断面研究，以检验 水As、水Mn与IQ之间的关系。我们选择学校来产生样本，其中大致 根据美国地质调查局的数据，70% 的人会消耗砷含量 < 10 ug/L 的井中的水，30% 的人会消耗砷含量 >10 ug/L 的井中的水。 井中锰的分布尚不清楚，但有限的美国地质调查局数据表明，大约 10% 该地区水井的锰浓度将高于 EPA 健康建议水平 300 微克/升。 在孟加拉国，我们将检验以下假设：提供低砷/低锰管井与 改善智力功能。我们提议对 300 名儿童（基线年龄 7-9 岁）进行一项为期两年的前瞻性研究 在孟加拉国阿赖哈扎尔。以下 4 组每组将招募 75 名儿童： a) 低 A、低 锰； b) 低As、高Mn； c) 高As、低Mn； d) 高As、高Mn。根据 EPA 指南，定义 “低 As”将 < 10ug/L，“低 Mn”将 < 300 ug/L 在初步智力评估后，儿童 具有高 As 水井的人将能够使用低 As/低 Mn 社区水井并接受教育，以促进他们的 使用。儿童将在补救前以及补救后 12 个月和 24 个月时接受评估。 鉴于在美国，大约有 130 万人接触饮用水中砷含量 > 10 ug/L， 家庭中的锰虽然特征不太明确，但已知在几个州（例如宾夕法尼亚州、新罕布什尔州）中锰含量升高， 确定对儿童智力的不利影响可能对公共健康产生重大影响 以及制定减少暴露的政策。