New Optics for Trace Level Detection of Toxins in Environmental and Biological Sa

用于环境和生物样品中痕量毒素检测的新型光学器件

• 批准号: 7926543
• 负责人: ZEWU CHEN
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: X-RAY OPTICAL SYSTEMS, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-01 至 2011-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7926543
• 关键词: Agrochemicals; Antimony; Biological; Biological Monitoring; Cadmium; Cardiovascular system; Caring; Characteristics; Chelation Therapy; Chemicals; Consumer Product Safety; Custom; Data Set; Detection; Development; Diagnostic radiologic examination; Disease; Elements; Environment; Environmental and Occupational Exposure; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiologist; Fluorescence; Forensic Medicine; Genes; Health; Health Personnel; Heart; Heavy Metals; Home environment; In Vitro; Indium; Individual; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Link; Liquid substance; Liver; Lung; Manufacturer Name; Maps; Marketing; Measurement; Measures; Medical; Metals; Methodology; Methods; Monitor; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Noise; Occupational; Occupational Exposure; Optics; Paint; Pathology; Patient Monitoring; Patients; Performance; Pharmacologic Substance; Photons; Positioning Attribute; Production; Public Health; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Roentgen Rays; Role; Sampling; Screening procedure; Signal Transduction; Societies; Solutions; Source; Spottings; Surface; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Tissue Sample; Toxic effect; Toxin; Trace metal; absorption; base; bone; commercial application; commercialization; consumer product; cost; cost effective; design; drug development; farmer; gastrointestinal; improved; in vivo; instrument; interest; meetings; public health relevance; rapid technique; reproductive; respiratory; toxic metal

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is a convenient, nondestructive, rapid technique that is effective at identifying specific elements in a wide variety of matrices. There are ten elements regulated for their toxic effects world- wide. The challenge is that these ten elements are difficult or impossible to measure simultaneously at the regulated levels with traditional XRF or any other chemical or combustion technique. It is both difficult and expensive to limit the exposure risk to these toxins for medical, regulatory, and manufacturing teams. Two of the most difficult elements for XRF are cadmium (Cd) and antimony (Sb). In the proposed project, XOS will develop X-ray optics that can be integrated into commercial XRF systems. XOS already provides other x-ray optics for other medical, compliance, and research instruments. The team includes the world leaders in developing optics for and integrating optics into analytical systems. XOS will develop X-ray optics for Cd and Sb measurements that meet or exceed the regulated levels. The proposed optics is based on extending the capabilities of our successful, commercially available monochromatic optics and doubly-curved crystal (DCC) optics to higher energy ranges than are currently possible. Thus, they will retain the high-sensitivity and low-background advantages of the current DCC optics. The optics will be designed, developed, tested, and validated in the proposed project. The proposed new optics for Cd and Sb will be incredibly valuable to epidemiological studies, occupational exposure monitoring, and medical treatment teams, as well as manufacturers by using the optics in an XRF instrument which is accurate, reliable, nondestructive, simple-to-use, inexpensive, and compact. Such an optic-enabled instrument would have a positive impact on public health by rapidly identifying the source and level of risks, screening for toxicity, assessing levels in patients with related diseases (e.g., pulmonary or kidney disease), monitoring patients undergoing chelation therapy, conducting a heavy metal screen for people with an occupational exposure risk, and helping manufacturers and farmers eliminate these toxins. Further, the in-vitro detection of these trace metals could be compared to existing data sets in wider exposure studies such as the Genes, Environment and Health Initiative (GEI). This significantly increases the usefulness and marketability of the instrument. Because of the broad commercial applications, this will enable the production of lower-cost instruments for medical, environmental, and occupational exposure applications. Society will benefit from improved knowledge of the role of these metals which are linked to many respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, hematological, and musculoskeletal diseases (DHHS 1992, 1999). Use in bone, renal, heart, liver, etc. studies of other medical pathologies and in other fields such as forensic, atmospheric, geological, agricultural, chemical, pharmaceutical etc. will, over time, greatly broaden the medical, scientific, industrial, and, therefore, societal benefits. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed project will develop the X-ray optics for cadmium and antimony to enable X-ray fluorescence to simultaneously measure the entire range of toxic elements normally monitored for occupational exposure, medical treatment, consumer products, and industrial uses with an instrument which is accurate, reliable, nondestructive, simple-to-use, inexpensive, and compact. Such an optic-enabled instrument would have a positive impact on public health by rapidly identifying the source and level of risks, screening for toxicity, assessing levels in patients with related diseases (e.g., pulmonary or renal disease, and reproductive or developmental effects), monitoring patients undergoing chelation therapy, conducting a heavy metal screen for people with an occupational exposure risk, and helping manufacturers and farmers eliminate these toxins from their products. Further, the in-vitro detection of these trace metals could be compared to existing data sets in wider exposure studies such as the Genes, Environment and Health Initiative (GEI), which significantly increases the usefulness and marketability of the instrument and, therefore, will enable the production of lower- cost instruments for medical, environmental, and occupational exposure applications.

描述（由申请人提供）：X射线荧光（XRF）是一种方便，无损，快速的技术，可有效识别各种矩阵中的特定元素。对于世界上的有毒作用，有十个因素受到监管。面临的挑战是，这十个要素很难或不可能通过传统XRF或任何其他化学或燃烧技术在受管制水平上同时测量。将这些毒素的暴露风险限制在医疗，监管和制造团队中既困难又昂贵。 XRF最困难的两个元素是镉（CD）和锑（SB）。在拟议的项目中，XOS将开发可以集成到商业XRF系统中的X射线光学器件。 XOS已经为其他医学，合规性和研究工具提供了其他X射线光学器件。该团队包括全球领导者开发用于用于分析系统的光学的光学和集成。 XOS将开发X射线光学元件，用于符合或超过受调节水平的CD和SB测量值。所提出的光学元件基于将我们成功，市售的单色光学和双曲线晶体（DCC）光学元件扩展到更高的能量范围的功能。因此，它们将保留当前DCC光学元件的高敏性和低背景优势。光学器件将在拟议项目中设计，开发，测试和验证。拟议的CD和SB的新光学器件将对流行病学研究，职业暴露监测和医疗团队以及制造商在XRF仪器中使用光学元件，这将非常有价值，便宜，紧凑。这种支持的功能仪器将通过迅速识别风险的来源和风险，筛查毒性，评估相关疾病患者（例如肺或肾脏疾病）的水平，监测接受螯合疗法的患者，从而对公共卫生产生积极影响。为具有职业接触风险的人进行重金属屏幕，并帮助制造商和农民消除这些毒素。此外，可以将这些痕量金属的体外检测与更广泛的暴露研究（例如基因，环境和健康计划（GEI））中的现有数据集进行比较。这大大提高了仪器的有用性和销售性。由于广泛的商业应用程序，这将使能够生产用于医疗，环境和职业接触申请的低成本工具。社会将受益于对这些金属的作用的知识，这些金属与许多呼吸道，心血管，肾脏，胃肠道，血液学和肌肉骨骼疾病有关（DHHS 1992，1999）。在骨骼，肾脏，心脏，肝脏等中使用其他医学病理以及法医，大气，地质，农业，化学，药物等其他领域的研究，随着时间的流逝，将大大拓宽医学，科学，工业，工业，工业，工业，因此，社会利益。 公共卫生相关性：拟议的项目将开发用于镉和锑的X射线光学元件，以使X射线荧光同时测量通常监测的整个有毒元素，以便使用职业曝光，医疗产品，消费产品，消费产品和工业用途，并用精确，可靠，无损，简单，便宜且紧凑的仪器。这种支持的启用仪器将通过迅速识别风险的来源和风险，筛查毒性，评估相关疾病患者的水平（例如肺或肾脏疾病以及生殖或发育效果），对公共卫生产生积极影响监测接受螯合疗法的患者，为具有职业接触风险的人进行重金属筛查，并帮助制造商和农民从其产品中消除这些毒素。此外，可以将这些痕量金属的体外检测与更广泛的暴露研究中的现有数据集进行比较，例如基因，环境和健康计划（GEI），从而大大提高了仪器的有用性和销售能力，因此将会增加。启用用于医疗，环境和职业曝光申请的低成本工具的生产。