Combustion of plastic waste and human health effects in Guatemala

危地马拉塑料废物燃烧对人类健康的影响

• 批准号: 10211779
• 负责人: Eri Saikawa
• 金额: $ 53.36万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-18 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10211779
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Address; Adoption; Adult; Age; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Antimony; Area; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Biological Markers; Biological Monitoring; Burn injury; Carbon Black; Central America; Cessation of life; Chemicals; Child; Cluster randomized trial; Collaborations; Communities; Cookstove; Country; Developing Countries; Disadvantaged; Effectiveness; Endocrine; Environmental Hazards; Environmental Risk Factor; Evaluation; Exposure to; Fire - disasters; Fostering; Future; Gases; Goals; Guatemala; Health; Health Hazards; Household; Household Air Pollution; Human; Incineration; Income; India; Indoor Air Pollution; Infrastructure; International; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Intervention Trial; Lead; Low income; Maintenance; Measurable; Measures; Methodology; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Motivation; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Particulate Matter; Peru; Petroleum; Pilot Projects; Plastics; Policies; Population; Pregnant Women; Public Health; Randomized; Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance; Refuse Disposal; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Rural; Rwanda; Smoke; Time; Tracer; Urine; Waste Management; Woman; Wood material; Work; air monitoring; ambient air pollution; base; behavior change wheel; combustion product; community engaged research; cooking; dissemination research; fine particles; health related quality of life; implementation fidelity; implementation framework; implementation research; implementation science; improved; innovation; intervention program; low and middle-income countries; low income country; member; mortality; neurodevelopment; phthalates; pollutant; premature; programs; reproductive; reproductive function; response; scale up; social; solid fuel; trial design; uptake; urinary; volatile organic compound; wasting; working group

Project Abstract Household air pollution (HAP) from solid fuel combustion is a major contributor to poor ambient air pollution and health. Global efforts to address HAP in low- and middle-income countries have focused on provision of clean cookstoves. Household waste burning, especially of plastics, is a major, but unaddressed environmental and health hazard in countries that lack infrastructure to properly dispose of waste. In rural Guatemala, 95% of households use solid fuels for cooking and 71% burn waste as the primary means of disposal. Burning plastic releases bisphenols and phthalates, which may disrupt neurodevelopment, endocrine, and reproductive function. No studies have examined biomarkers of exposure to chemicals in women of reproductive age who are disproportionately exposed to airborne burning plastic, likely at higher levels than in high-income countries. There are no emissions estimates of air pollutants from plastic waste incineration in Central America. This proposal will implement community working groups that will improve air quality by reducing household plastic waste burning, reduce exposure, and improve health-related quality of life in women of reproductive age. Using a randomized cluster trial design, we will randomize 20 rural villages (10 intervention; 10 control) in Jalapa, Guatemala and randomly select 400 women of reproductive age (20 in each village) who report burning plastic trash as a primary form of waste disposal to participate in urine biomonitoring and personal air monitoring. In 10 intervention villages, we will invite community members to participate in 12-week working groups to implement alternatives to burning plastic and determine achievable interventions over the subsequent 9 months. We will use the Behavior Change Wheel and RE-AIM, two implementation science frameworks, and a mixed-methods approach, to refine, implement, and evaluate community-initiated interventions that address plastic waste. We will assess opportunities, capabilities and motivations that determine behaviors, as well as the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation fidelity, maintenance and sustainability of interventions. At baseline, 4 and 12 months, we will measure personal exposures to fine particulate matter and black carbon, and urinary biomarkers of exposure (e.g., bisphenols, phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds) in 400 women of reproductive age (15-44 years). We will use filter-based antimony and 1,3,5-Triphenylbenzene, known tracers of plastic incineration, to quantify emissions estimates of air pollutants due to plastic burning. Based on plastic waste reductions in intervention villages, we will assess regional impacts of pollutant emissions reduction, using a 3D chemical transport model. This is the first study to use an implementation science approach to implement and evaluate fidelity to intervention strategies to reduce plastic waste burning. Our findings will be incorporated into community-driven public health actions with policymakers to develop programs in other local contexts. This project has direct benefit not only to those residing in Guatemala, but also in other areas where open waste burning contributes to air pollutants both regionally and globally.

项目摘要 固体燃料燃烧产生的家庭空气污染（HAP）是环境空气污染差的主要因素 健康。全球在低收入国家和中等收入国家解决HAP的努力集中在提供清洁方面 厨师。燃烧家庭废物，尤其是塑料，是主要的，但没有解决的环境， 缺乏基础设施适当处理废物的国家的健康危害。在危地马拉农村地区，有95％ 家庭使用固体燃料进行烹饪，而71％的家庭将废物作为处置的主要手段。燃烧的塑料 释放双苯酚和邻苯二甲酸盐，这可能会破坏神经发育，内分泌和生殖功能。 没有研究检查过生殖年龄妇女中暴露于化学物质的生物标志物 与高收入国家相比，暴露于机载燃烧的塑料的不成比例。那里 没有对中美洲塑料废物焚化的空气污染物的排放估算。该提议将 实施社区工作组，可以通过减少家庭塑料废物燃烧来提高空气质量， 减少繁殖年龄妇女中与健康相关的生活质量的暴露率。使用随机 集群试验设计，我们将在Jalapa，危地马拉和 随机选择400名生殖年龄的妇女（每个村庄20岁），她们报告燃烧塑料垃圾作为主要 废物处置形式，以参与尿液生物监测和个人空气监测。在10次干预中 村庄，我们将邀请社区成员参加12周的工作组以实施替代方案 燃烧塑料并确定随后9个月内可实现的干预措施。我们将使用 行为改变车轮和雷姆，两个实施科学框架以及一种混合方法方法， 完善，实施和评估解决塑料废物的社区发起的干预措施。我们将评估 确定行为以及覆盖范围，有效性的机遇，能力和动机 干预措施的采用，实施忠诚，维护和可持续性。在基线，4到12个月时， 我们将测量个人暴露于细颗粒物和黑碳，以及 暴露（例如，双苯酚，邻苯二甲酸盐，多环芳烃和挥发性有机化合物） 400名生殖年龄妇女（15-44岁）。我们将使用基于过滤器的锑和1,3,5-三苯基苯苯， 已知的塑料焚化示踪剂，以量化由于塑料燃烧而导致的空气污染物的排放估计。 根据减少干预村庄的塑料废物，我们将评估污染物排放的区域影响 还原，使用3D化学传输模型。这是第一个使用实施科学方法的研究 实施和评估忠诚度以减少塑料废物燃烧的干预策略。我们的发现将是 与决策者一起纳入社区驱动的公共卫生行动，以在其他本地制定计划 上下文。该项目不仅对居住在危地马拉的人有直接的好处，而且还在其他地区 开放的废物燃烧会导致区域和全球的空气污染物。