Early Child Development Programs: Effective Interventions for Human Development

儿童早期发展计划：人类发展的有效干预措施

• 批准号: 8000813
• 负责人: JERE R BEHRMAN
• 金额: $ 57.53万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-22 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8000813
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adult; Advocacy; Age; Biological Markers; Budgets; Child; Child Development; Childhood; Chile; Cognitive; Collaborations; Collection; Commit; Confidentiality; Costs and Benefits; Country; Data; Data Set; Data Sources; Day Care; Day center care; Developing Countries; Development; Dimensions; Disadvantaged; Economics; Education; Emotional; Enrollment; Evaluation; Family; Family member; Gender; Government; Health; Heterogeneity; Hour; Human Development; Income; Inequality; International; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Labor Forces; Leadership; Letters; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Literature; Longitudinal Surveys; Mental Depression; Methodology; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Mothers; Motivation; Nursery Schools; Nutritional status; Outcome; Parents; Pensions; Personal Satisfaction; Personality; Policies; Policy Maker; Positioning Attribute; Poverty; Process; Program Development; Provider; Reporting; Research; Resources; Sampling; School-Age Population; Schools; Services; Simulate; Social Perception; Social Policies; Structural Models; Surveys; Terminology; Time; Universities; Uterus; Variant; Work; base; cost; cost effectiveness; early childhood; effective intervention; health economics; human capital; improved; innovation; interest; intergenerational; kindergarten; member; operation; performance tests; physical conditioning; programs; psychologic; public health relevance; research study; satisfaction; skill acquisition; skills; social; social skills; socioeconomics; symposium; time use; tool; unemployment insurance; voucher

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Early childhood development (ECD) -- cognitive, non-cognitive and physical health -- of pre-school age children is increasingly seen as critical in health and socioeconomic well-being later in life. But over 240 million children under 5y of age in developing countries do not reach their developmental potential. Advocacy for and resources devoted to ECD have increased substantially in developing countries. Yet what is known about impacts of such programs is based on few studies usually with small samples, limited outcome indicators, limited program information, small scale of operation and often problems of interpreting associations as reflecting causal effects. This project promises substantial increases in knowledge of ECD by exploiting a rich new data set with a national representative longitudinal sample of 15,000 children initially 0-5y of age and their families with linked data that permit extensive characterization of the children and their family members and the ECD programs to which they have been exposed in Chile. The Specific Aims are: (1): To enrich a public-use panel data set initiated in 2009 and to be continued at least through 2011 on 15,000 children initially 0-5y of age and their families in a nationally representative sample that is linked to other data (that include economic, health and other relevant information on all family members; child school and national test performance and ECD Center quality) with embedded experiments. (2): To describe age-gender-SES-regional gradients/inequalities in ECD program participation and quality and in ECD outcomes including cognitive development, non-cognitive development and physical health. (3): To analyze ECD program participation. (4): To analyze impacts of ECD programs, including quality and curricular focus, on child cognitive development, non-cognitive development and physical health. (5): To analyze impacts of ECD programs on mothers' time use (e.g., hours worked) and their general life satisfaction and depression. (6): To estimate cost effectiveness and cost-benefit ratios for various interventions to improve ECD to provide better tools for policy makers to make more informed choices among intervention options. (7): To simulate expected impacts of interventions to improve ECD on age-gender-SES-regional gradients/inequalities in ECD access and in cognitive development, non-cognitive development and physical health outcomes. The combination of special data features (e.g., large, nationally-representative sample; linkages to other data sources; indicators of cognitive, non-cognitive and physical development; information on ECD program quality; experiments) and methodologies not applied before to ECD in developing countries (e.g., structural models with intergenerational links in un-observables, selection regarding programs and heterogeneous impacts) promises substantial gains in knowledge about ECD. Chile is a particularly interesting context in which to study ECD because of its leadership in innovative social programs, some unique programs not present elsewhere (e.g., vouchers), rich data described above and possible implications for other middle-income as well as high-income countries. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Early childhood development (ECD) -- cognitive, non-cognitive and physical health -- of pre-school age children is critical for health and socioeconomic well-being not only during childhood but also later in life. Though over 240 million children under 5y of age in developing countries do not reach their developmental potential, little is known regarding what makes ECD programs effective. The combination of rich data and new methodologies in this project promises considerable advancement of our knowledge on this important topic.

描述（由申请人提供）：幼儿发展（ECD） - 学龄前儿童的认知，非认知和身体健康 - 越来越被视为在以后的健康和社会经济福祉中至关重要。但是，发展中国家5岁以下的24000万儿童没有发育潜力。在发展中国家，专门用于ECD的倡导和资源大大增加。然而，有关此类计划的影响的知识是基于几乎没有样本，有限的结果指标，有限的计划信息，少量操作以及通常将关联解释为反映因果效应的问题。该项目有望通过利用丰富的新数据集，其中有15,000名儿童最初0-5岁的儿童及其家人具有链接的数据，可以大大提高ECD知识，从而可以对儿童及其家人进行广泛表征，以及他们在辣椒中暴露的ECD计划。具体目的是：（1）：要丰富2009年启动的公共用途小组数据集，至少要持续到2011年，对15,000名儿童最初为0-5岁的儿童及其家人在全国代表性的样本中与其他数据相关联（包括经济，健康和其他有关家庭成员的经济，健康和其他相关信息；所有家庭和国家测试绩效和国家测试绩效和ECD中心质量），均采用嵌入的实验）。 （2）：描述ECD计划参与和质量以及ECD结果中的年龄性别SES区域梯度/不平等现象，包括认知发展，非认知发展和身体健康。 （3）：分析ECD计划的参与。 （4）：分析ECD计划的影响，包括质量和课程重点，对儿童认知发展，非认知发展和身体健康的影响。 （5）：分析ECD计划对母亲时间使用的影响（例如工作时间）以及他们的一般生活满意度和抑郁。 （6）：估计各种干预措施的成本效益和成本效益比，以改善ECD，为决策者提供更好的工具，以在干预方案中做出更明智的选择。 （7）：为了模拟ECD访问以及认知发展，非认知发展和身体健康结果的ECD对ECD的预期影响。特殊数据特征（例如，大型，全国代表性的样本；与其他数据源的链接；认知，非认知和身体发展的指标；有关ECD计划质量的信息；实验的信息）和在发展中国家（例如，在不涉及的涉及的结构性链接）中，在不适当的方面和HERISAIS中，在不适用的结构模型中使用ECD的方法和方法，这些方法是在不存在的，并且在不适合的方面链接）。 ECD。智利是一个特别有趣的背景，在其中研究ECD是因为它在创新社会计划中的领导才能，一些独特的计划（例如，代金券），上述丰富的数据以及对其他中等收入以及高收入国家的可能影响。 公共卫生相关性：幼儿发展（ECD） - 学龄前儿童的认知，非认知和身体健康 - 不仅在儿童期，而且在以后的生活中，对健康和社会经济的福祉至关重要。尽管发展中国家超过24000万年龄的儿童没有发育潜力，但关于使ECD计划有效的原因鲜为人知。在这个项目中，丰富的数据和新方法的结合有望大大提高我们对这个重要主题的知识。