Sensory Information Processing with Low Vision

低视力的感觉信息处理

• 批准号: 7248596
• 负责人: Shirin E Hassan
• 金额: $ 3.06万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-07-19 至 2007-11-23
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7248596
• 关键词: Activities of Daily Living; Auditory; Complex; Computer information processing; Condition; Cues; Data; Decision Making; Development; Devices; Environment; Exhibits; Future; Goals; Hearing; Impairment; Intention; Island; Learning; Masks; Measurement; Measures; Mediation; Methods; Metric; Modality; Modeling; Performance; Persons; Pilot Projects; Play; Population; Process; Public Health; Range; Rate; Receiver Operating Characteristics; Relative (related person); Research; Risk; Role; Safety; Score; Sensory; Side; Source; Testing; Time; Today; Training; Training Programs; Validity and Reliability; Variant; Vision; Visual; Visual impairment; Visually Impaired Persons; base; blind; design; environmental change; experience; pedestrian safety; research study; response; sight for the blind; tool; trafficking; visual information; visual process; visual processing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Crossing a street is a complicated, high-risk activity of daily living. In making an appropriate decision of when it is safe to cross, pedestrians must judge gaps in vehicular traffic that is of sufficient duration to allow them to reach the other side of the street or a splitter island. Pedestrians identify crossable gaps by processing complex sensory information acquired from the environment. Undoubtedly, visual sensory information plays an integral role in the accuracy and efficiency of detecting crossable gaps. Little is known however, about the relative importance of other sources of sensory information when visual information is reduced. Auditory sensory information may play an important role in street crossing when visual information is degraded since blind people can successfully cross a street safely and independently. To determine if auditory sensory information augments visual sensory information in street crossing for visually impaired pedestrians, a reliable, empirical method of assessment must first be established. The proposed research has the goal of validating the use of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to assess visual and auditory information processing for street crossing in people with low vision. Using a 5 point rating scale, safety ratings for crossable gaps of different durations will be measured in normally sighted, visually impaired and blind subjects. For the normally sighted and visually impaired subjects, safety ratings will be collected under 3 sensory test conditions: (i) visual and auditory information; (ii) visual information only; and (iii) auditory information only. The safety ratings of blind subjects will be from auditory information only. Constructing ROC curves on normal-deviate (z-score) coordinates will test whether or not ROC curves as applied in the proposed study is a valid metric for assessing sensory information processing for street crossing in low vision. Comparing the discriminability (d') of different gap durations between test conditions and subject groups will establish the range over which the metric can measure an auditory effect as well as changes in performance in the visual sensory channel. Given that pedestrian safety has been recognized as a major public health concern, the proposed research will provide data to form an objective base for the development of training programs, mobility devices and environmental changes designed to assist visually impaired pedestrians cross a street.

描述（由申请人提供）：过马路是一项复杂、高风险的日常生活活动。在做出适当决定何时安全过马路时，行人必须判断车辆交通中的间隙是否足够持续，以允许他们到达街道的另一侧或分流岛。行人通过处理从环境中获取的复杂感官信息来识别可跨越的间隙。毫无疑问，视觉感官信息对于检测可跨越间隙的准确性和效率起着不可或缺的作用。然而，当视觉信息减少时，其他感官信息来源的相对重要性却知之甚少。当视觉信息退化时，听觉感官信息可能在过马路时发挥重要作用，因为盲人可以安全、独立地成功过马路。为了确定听觉感官信息是否增强了视觉障碍行人过马路时的视觉感官信息，必须首先建立可靠的、经验性的评估方法。拟议研究的目标是验证接受者操作特征（ROC）曲线的使用，以评估低视力人群过马路时的视觉和听觉信息处理。使用 5 点评分量表，对视力正常、视障和盲人受试者不同持续时间的可跨越间隙的安全评级进行测量。对于视力正常和视力受损的受试者，将在 3 种感官测试条件下收集安全评级：（i）视觉和听觉信息； (ii) 仅视觉信息； (iii) 仅听觉信息。盲人受试者的安全评级仅来自听觉信息。在正常偏差（z 分数）坐标上构建 ROC 曲线将测试拟议研究中应用的 ROC 曲线是否是评估低视力情况下过马路的感官信息处理的有效指标。比较测试条件和受试者组之间不同间隙持续时间的可辨别性 (d') 将确定该指标可以测量听觉效果以及视觉感官通道性能变化的范围。鉴于行人安全已被认为是一个主要的公共卫生问题，拟议的研究将为开发培训计划、移动设备和环境变化提供数据，以帮助视障行人过马路。