Street-Crossing Decision Making in Low Vision

低视力情况下的过马路决策

• 批准号: 8906869
• 负责人: Shirin E Hassan
• 金额: $ 38.55万
• 依托单位: TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-01 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8906869
• 关键词: Acoustics; Address; Adopted; Advocate; Affect; Age; Age related macular degeneration; Behavior; Blindness; Characteristics; Complex; Contrast Sensitivity; Data; Decision Making; Development; Elderly; Environment; Exhibits; Incidence; Investigation; Judgment; Measurement; Measures; Motor; Patient Self-Report; Patients; Perception; Performance; Persons; Population; Property; Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials; Recommendation; Rehabilitation therapy; Reporting; Research; Safety; Sensory; Series; Services; Specialist; Speed; Testing; Time; Training; Training Programs; Vision; Visual; Visual Acuity; Visual Fields; Visual impairment; Visually Impaired Persons; Walking; blind; evidence based guidelines; high risk; improved; innovation; instructor; pedestrian safety; research study; trafficking

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Crossing the street is a complex, difficult and dangerous task. When making street-crossing decisions, pedestrians must allow for a preferred safety margin and judge whether the gap in vehicular traffic exceeds the time needed to cross the street. Previous street-crossing research has shown that the elderly, visually impaired, and blind pedestrians make unsafe street-crossing decisions. This study will evaluate the street-crossing decision making performance of these high-risk pedestrian groups. We will use an innovative criterion-free metric to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of pedestrians' judgments on whether the vehicular gap time is of sufficient duration to allow them to cross the street. The pedestrian's preferred safety margin will not be included in this crossing decision. We will also measure each pedestrian's criterion for crossing by determining the gap time when each pedestrian first thinks that it is safe to cross. The pedestrian's safety margin in this crossing decision will be included. The collected data will address four aims. Aim 1 will assess how street-crossing decision making performance changes as a function of vision (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and visual fields), and a pedestrian's characteristics (age and walking speed). If pedestrians do not compensate for their sensory and motor limitations when making their street-crossing decisions, we expect to see a corresponding decrease in their accuracy and/or reliability and a shortened criterion for crossing. If pedestrians compensate for their limitations and adopt a conservative or cautious street-crossing strategy the converse will be found. Aim 2 will compare the accuracy, reliability and criterion for crossing between visually impaired and blind pedestrians who self-report having difficulty crossing the street and those who self-report having no difficulty. If street-crossing decision making performance is related to a pedestrian's self-confidence, those pedestrians who self-report having difficulty would exhibit unsafe street-crossing decisions. Pedestrians who have no difficulty would exhibit safe street-crossing decisions. Aim 3 will test the hypothesis whether pedestrian accuracy, reliability and the criterion for crossing improves after training with a current Orientation and Mobility (O&M) street-crossing decision training program. Aim 4 will compare the accuracy, reliability and criterion for crossing in pedestrians measured at three different types of crossing environments. Consistent street-crossing decision making behavior across different environments would suggest that the study's findings are generalizable. Inconsistent decision behavior would be informative and warrant further investigation. Collectively, the project's findings will provide a more detailed understanding of the factors that affect street-crossing decision making performance. They will also guide the development of objective evidence-based recommendations for low vision (LV) rehabilitation specialists about when they should refer patients for street-crossing decision training.

描述（由申请人提供）：过马路是一项复杂、困难且危险的任务。 行人在做出过马路决策时，必须考虑到优先的安全裕度，并判断车流间隙是否超过过马路所需的时间。 此前的过马路研究表明，老年人、视力障碍者和盲人行人会做出不安全的过马路决定。 本研究将评估这些高风险行人群体的过马路决策表现。 我们将使用创新的无标准度量来评估行人判断的准确性和可靠性 车辆间隙时间是否足够让他们过马路。 这 行人首选的安全裕度将不包含在该过街决策中。 我们还将通过确定每个行人第一次认为可以安全过马路的间隙时间来衡量每个行人过马路的标准。 该过街决策中将包括行人的安全裕度。 收集的数据将实现四个目标。 目标 1 将评估过马路决策性能如何随着视力（视敏度、对比敏感度和视野）和行人特征（年龄和步行速度）的变化而变化。 如果行人在做出过马路决定时不补偿他们的感觉和运动限制，我们预计他们的准确性和/或可靠性会相应下降，过马路标准也会缩短。 如果行人弥补自身的局限性并采取保守或谨慎的过马路策略，结果就会相反。 目标 2 将比较自我报告过马路有困难的视障行人和盲人行人与自我报告过马路没有困难的行人的准确性、可靠性和标准。 如果过马路决策表现与行人的自信心有关，那么那些自我报告有困难的行人就会表现出不安全的过马路决策。 没有困难的行人会做出安全的过马路决定。 目标 3 将测试以下假设：在使用当前的定向和移动性 (O&M) 过街决策训练计划进行训练后，行人的准确性、可靠性和过街标准是否有所提高。 目标 4 将比较在三种不同类型的过街环境下测量的行人过街的准确性、可靠性和标准。 不同环境下一致的过马路决策行为表明该研究的结果具有普遍适用性。 不一致的决策行为将提供信息并值得进一步调查。 总的来说，该项目的研究结果将使人们更详细地了解影响过马路决策绩效的因素。 他们还将指导低视力（LV）康复专家制定客观的基于证据的建议，了解何时应将患者转介接受过马路决策培训。