Spatiotemporal Brain Imaging of Human Auditory Cognition

人类听觉认知的时空脑成像

• 批准号: 7910638
• 负责人: JOHN W BELLIVEAU
• 金额: $ 69.94万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-09 至 2014-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7910638
• 关键词: Acoustics; Algorithms; Animals; Area; Attention; Auditory; Auditory Perception; Auditory area; Auditory system; Behavioral; Brain; Brain imaging; Brain region; Clinical Trials; Cognition; Cognitive; Collection; Computer Simulation; Cues; Data; Detection; Development; Discrimination; Disease; Electroencephalography; Environment; Equation; Etiology; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Goals; Hearing Aids; Human; Image; Imaging Techniques; Investigation; Lipreading; Magnetoencephalography; Masks; Measures; Medial; Mediating; Memory; Modeling; Neurons; Noise; Parietal; Pathway interactions; Perception; Performance; Phase; Phonetics; Physiological; Play; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Property; Prosthesis; Research; Resolution; Role; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Series; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Source; Speech; Speech Intelligibility; Speech Perception; Stimulus; Structure-Activity Relationship; Techniques; Time; Variant; Visual; Work; base; behavior measurement; grasp; imaging modality; innovation; mirror neuron; multisensory; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; novel; programs; public health relevance; research study; response; selective attention; sound; sound frequency; spatiotemporal; tool; visual motor; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal of our research program is to build a comprehensive theoretical understanding of human auditory processing by utilizing advanced spatiotemporal brain imaging methods combining fMRI, MEG, and EEG. During the first funding cycle, we used spatiotemporal imaging to investigate the role of transient adaptation of feature-specific neurons in auditory sensory memory and pre-attentive sound novelty detection. We will continue to investigate these mechanisms of early auditory processing to explain how the brain represents temporally distributed sound signals (Aim 1). Furthermore, our new perspective expands the scope of the investigation from these lower-level mechanisms to dynamic modulations from extra-acoustic influences including top-down modulation of selective attention (Aim 2) and multisensory inputs (Aim 3), which play important roles in adaptively re-shaping neuronal activity based on the current behavioral context. In addition, we will continue to develop novel experimental paradigms and spatiotemporal brain imaging methods, to achieve more accurate and sensitive non-invasive tools for investigating the functional organization of the human auditory system. The major significance of this proposal is that the work it proposes will provide a better understanding of the neural mechanisms responsible of auditory processing in the human brain: Although a series of successful animal studies have led to the development of several competing hypotheses, a paucity of information exists about the physiological mechanisms that allow us to grasp the vast amount of information embedded within our everyday acoustic environment. Our proposed comprehensive spectral and spatial analysis of human brain activity will reveal the collection of brain regions involved in auditory processing as well as the sequence of their causal interactions. The empirical information on structure/function relationship in auditory cortex can be incorporated into computational models of human auditory processing. Furthermore, our spatiotemporal brain imaging techniques may provide significant advantages in the investigation of clinical disorders with abnormal auditory perceptual functions. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE This research program uses an advanced combination of brain imaging methods to investigate how the human brain processes auditory information. In addition to providing information on neuronal mechanisms on auditory sensory memory, selective attention, and visual influence on speech perception, our techniques may provide significant advantages in the investigation of a variety disorders with abnormal auditory perceptual functions, such as schizophrenia. Our scientific results may also help develop speech-detection algorithms as well as techniques for hearing aids and prosthetics.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们的研究计划的总体目标是通过利用将fMRI，MEG和EEG结合使用的高级时空脑成像方法来建立对人类听觉处理的全面理解。在第一个融资周期中，我们使用时空成像来研究特异性神经元在听觉感觉记忆中的瞬时适应性和动力前的声音新颖性检测的作用。我们将继续研究早期听觉处理的这些机制，以解释大脑如何代表时间分布的声音信号（AIM 1）。此外，我们的新观点将调查的范围从这些较低级别的机制扩大到来自声学外影响的动态调制，包括选择性注意的自上而下的调节（AIM 2）和多感官输入（AIM 3）（AIM 3），在基于当前的基于当前的行为行为背景下适应性地重塑神经元活动中起着重要作用。此外，我们将继续开发新的实验范例和时空脑成像方法，以实现更准确和敏感的非侵入性工具来研究人类听觉系统的功能组织。该提议的主要意义在于，它提出的工作将更好地理解人类大脑中听觉处理的神经机制：尽管一系列成功的动物研究导致了几种相互竞争的假设的发展，但存在有关生理机制的信息很少，使我们能够在我们的日常宣言中掌握大量的信息。我们提出的对人脑活动的综合光谱和空间分析将揭示涉及听觉加工的大脑区域以及其因果相互作用的顺序。关于听觉皮层中结构/功能关系的经验信息可以纳入人类听觉处理的计算模型中。此外，我们的时空脑成像技术可能在研究异常听觉感知功能的临床疾病中具有显着优势。 公共卫生相关性该研究计划使用脑成像方法的高级组合来研究人脑如何处理听觉信息。除了提供有关听觉感觉记忆，选择性注意力和对语音感知的视觉影响的神经元机制的信息外，我们的技术还可以在研究具有异常听觉感知功能的多种疾病（例如精神分裂症）方面具有显着优势。我们的科学结果也可能有助于开发语音检测算法以及助听器和假肢的技术。