Control Beliefs, Memory, and Aging

控制信念、记忆和衰老

• 批准号: 7890212
• 负责人: MARGIE E LACHMAN
• 金额: $ 1.68万
• 依托单位: BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-05 至 2010-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7890212
• 关键词: Adult; Affective; Age; Age Reporting; Aging; Anxiety; Appointment; Area; Area Under Curve; Arousal; Autonomic nervous system; Behavior; Behavioral; Belief; Boston; Cardiovascular system; Cognition; Cognitive; Computer software; Coupled; Data; Data Analyses; Dependence; Detection; Development; Distress; Education; Educational Status; Elderly; Electrocardiogram; Expectancy; Eye; Face; Financial compensation; Goals; Grant; Health; Heart Rate; Home environment; Hydrocortisone; Impairment; Individual Differences; Intervention; Lead; Learning; Life; Link; Living Wills; Longevity; Maintenance; Measures; Mediator of activation protein; Memory; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Morphologic artifacts; Nature; Neurosecretory Systems; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Performance; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Physiological; Pilot Projects; Play; Prevention; Principal Investigator; Procedures; Process; Psychological Factors; Psychophysiology; Recovery; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Saliva; Sampling; Self Efficacy; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Specific qualifier value; Stress; Suggestion; System; Testing; Theoretical model; Thinking; Time; Variant; Vendor; Work; age difference; age effect; age related; base; biological adaptation to stress; cognitive function; depression; diaries; distraction; effective intervention; experience; functional outcomes; heart rate variability; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; improved; indexing; instrumental activity of daily living; interest; longitudinal design; middle age; mortality; multilevel analysis; physical conditioning; programs; protective behavior; psychologic; remediation; resilience; response; social; theories; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Many middle-aged and older adults believe as they age that memory declines are inevitable and there is little that can be done. Such beliefs of low self-efficacy and limited control over memory aging are associated with poorer performance on a wide range of memory tasks, especially among older adults. The objective of this research program is to learn more about how low control beliefs operate as a risk factor for poor memory by considering the psychological and physiological pathways whereby control beliefs and performance are related. This will be accomplished by using short-term longitudinal designs to examine strategy use, anxiety, stress reactivity and arousal as mediators. Episodic and working memory along with memory control beliefs will be assessed in adults ages 25 to 85. Participants will be drawn from a representative sample of the Greater Boston area and tested in their homes. For Aim 1, we will extend past work to consider multiple indicators of anxiety, including self-reports and neuroendocrine (cortisol) and autonomic (heart rate) system responses of stress and arousal, which can have a short- term impact and long-term damage on cognitive and physical well-being. We also will examine memory- related stress in relation to age and the use of adaptive compensatory memory strategies. It is predicted that a sense of control over memory protects older adults from disruptive anxiety and rumination and promotes persistence in the face of challenging memory tasks. There is increasing evidence that variability in functioning is associated with important aging-related outcomes. For Aim 2, we will extend work on individual differences in the sense of control to examine short-term intraindividual variability in control beliefs in relation to age and intraindividual variability in stress and memory. Short-term fluctuations in control may reflect vulnerability rather than resilience in the face of memory challenges. Variability in control is expected to be positively associated with age and stress and inversely related to memory performance. In Aim 3 we expand the focus on age differences in intraindividual changes to the everyday context using a daily diary approach. It is expected that on days when adults feel more in control of their lives they will use more adaptive memory aids and strategies, experience less stress, and have fewer memory problems. Memory problems in later life can lead to anxiety and distress, but there are things that can be done to compensate. A focus on beliefs about controllability, the role of anxiety, and use of compensatory strategies for memory declines provides a useful framework for advancing our understanding of adaptive beliefs and behaviors for successful aging. Narrative: Good memory functioning is critical in everyday life (e.g., taking medications, remembering appointments) to maintain health, well-being, and independence. This research can identify modifiable beliefs and behaviors that are tied to poor memory and reduced functioning in instrumental activities for daily living. The results can be used to develop more effective interventions to reduce distress, impairment and dependence, enhance control beliefs and memory, and improve everyday functioning in later life.

描述（由申请人提供）：许多中年和老年人认为，随着年龄的增长，记忆的下降是不可避免的，几乎无法做到。这种对自我效能低下和对记忆衰老的控制有限的信念与在各种记忆任务中，尤其是在老年人中的多种记忆任务上的表现较差。该研究计划的目的是通过考虑控制信念和绩效相关的心理和生理途径，了解低控制信念如何作为不良记忆的风险因素的影响。这将通过使用短期纵向设计来检查策略使用，焦虑，压力反应性和唤醒作为介体。将在25至85岁的成年人中评估情节和工作记忆以及记忆控制信念。参与者将从大波士顿地区的代表样本中汲取并在他们的家中进行了测试。对于AIM 1，我们将扩展过去的工作，以考虑多种焦虑指标，包括自我报告和神经内分泌（皮质醇）以及压力和唤醒的自主神经（心率）系统的反应，这可能会对认知和身体健康产生短期影响以及长期影响。我们还将检查与年龄有关的记忆与压力以及适应性补偿性记忆策略的使用。据预测，对记忆的控制感可以保护老年人免受破坏性的焦虑和反省，并在面对挑战性的记忆任务时促进持久性。越来越多的证据表明，功能的变异性与重要的与衰老相关的结果有关。对于AIM 2，我们将扩展有关控制意义上个体差异的工作，以检查与年龄有关的控制信念中的短期内部内部变异性和压力和记忆中的个体内部变异性。在控制记忆挑战时，控制中的短期波动可能反映出脆弱性而不是韧性。控制中的变异性有望与年龄和压力呈正相关，并与记忆性能成反比。在AIM 3中，我们使用日记方法扩展了对日常上下文的个体内部变化的年龄差异的重点。可以预期，在成年人更能控制自己的生活的日子里，他们将使用更多的自适应记忆辅助工具和策略，减轻压力，并且记忆力较少。后来生活中的记忆问题可能会导致焦虑和困扰，但是可以做一些事情来补偿。关注对可控性，焦虑作用以及使用补偿性策略在记忆下降的信念，为促进我们对成功衰老的自适应信念和行为的理解提供了有用的框架。叙事：良好的记忆功能在日常生活中至关重要（例如服用药物，记住任命），以维持健康，福祉和独立性。这项研究可以识别可修改的信念和行为，这些信念和行为与不良的记忆力并减少了日常生活乐器活动的功能。结果可用于制定更有效的干预措施，以减少困扰，障碍和依赖，增强控制信念和记忆，并改善以后生活的日常功能。