Methods for Dynamic Functional Imaging

动态功能成像方法

基本信息

批准号：
7464526
负责人：
ANTHONY M NORCIA
金额：
$ 40.95万
依托单位：
SMITH-KETTLEWELL EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-08-01 至 2010-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7464526
关键词：
Adult Anterior Appearance Area Attention Automobile Driving Behavior Behavioral Brain Brain imaging Clinical Complex Computer Simulation Cues Data Dementia Dependence Development Diagnosis Discrimination Disease Disease Management Electroencephalography Environment Event Feedback Functional Imaging Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Future Goals Head Image Individual Lateral Learning Link Macaca Maps Measurement Measures Memory Methods Modeling Motor Neurons Operative Surgical Procedures Perception Performance Play Population Prefrontal Cortex Process Protocols documentation Role Sensory Shapes Signal Transduction Source Specificity Staging Stimulus Stroke Structure Surface Techniques Temporal Lobe Testing Time Traumatic Brain Injury Vision Visual Visual Perception Visual impairment Visual system structure base brain malformation cognitive function executive function expectation experience extrastriate visual cortex frontal lobe imaging modality novel object recognition public health relevance reconstruction research study response retinotopic sample fixation visual control visual memory visual process visual processing

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The fundamental goal of perception is to infer the structure of the world through an interpretation of temporal and spatial regularities in sensory stimulation that map onto structures in the environment such as objects and surfaces. The goal of this proposal is to trace the emergence of low-level object processing operations as they evolve in time and cortical area and to study how rapid, on-line learning or adaptation modifies these responses. We propose to study the mechanisms by which the visual system segments the visual scene into objects and surfaces and how it adapts its responses to stimuli with varying levels of temporal regularity using a combination of EEG source-imaging and functional MRI techniques in normal adults. In the first Aim we will study how attention interacts with low-level mechanisms involved in figure-ground segmentation. A novel, multi-input stimulation and analysis method will be used to separate response to figures and their backgrounds. In the second Aim, we will determine how temporal predictability shapes the accuracy behavioral shape discrimination by correlating behavioral performance with activity in visual and control areas that occurs before the presentation of predictable targets. A second goal is to determine if anticipatory evoked activity made in response to temporally regular stimuli can occur implicitly. The third Aim will record responses to predictable and unpredictable stimuli of varying degrees of salience. Anticipatory activity will be isolated by subtracting reconstructions of the evoked response derived from random stimuli from those measured with temporally regular stimuli over a range of stimulus salience. These data will be used to test the hypothesis that anticipatory activity is generated in prefrontal cortex and produces its largest effects in target areas of occipital/occipital temporal cortex for low salience stimuli. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE The tasks we will study require integrated activity throughout the visual hierarchy, in executive control areas of pre-frontal cortex and in areas responsible for sensory motor integration and motor response. The methods we develop to link brain activity and behavior at each of these levels will be relevant to understanding and managing disorders of visual processing, visual memory, visuo-motor integration and motor execution. Because the methods are non-invasive they can be applied directly to clinical populations in future studies of Cortical Visual Impairment, traumatic brain injury, stroke, dementia and congenital brain malformations. These disorders frequently compromise visual processing and each often involves significant compromise of motor and cognitive functions. Careful adaptation of the protocols that will be developed in this proposal may provide information relevant to the diagnosis and management of these disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：感知的基本目标是通过解释感觉刺激中的时间和空间规律来推断世界的结构，这些刺激将其映射到环境中的结构，例如对象和表面。该提案的目的是追踪低级对象处理操作在时间和皮质区域发展时的出现，并研究这些响应的快速，在线学习或适应性的速度。我们建议研究视觉系统将视觉场景片段分为对象和表面的机制，以及它如何通过在正常成年人中使用EEG源成像和功能性MRI技术的组合，使其对刺激的响应具有不同水平的时间规律性。在第一个目的中，我们将研究注意力与图形分割涉及的低级机制相互作用。一种新颖的多输入刺激和分析方法将用于分离对数字及其背景的响应。在第二个目标中，我们将确定时间可预测性如何通过将行为性能与可预测目标提出之前发生的视觉和控制区域的活动相关联，来塑造准确性行为形状歧视。第二个目标是确定是否会隐式地发生对时间定期刺激进行预期的诱发活动。第三个目标将记录对不同程度显着性的可预测和不可预测刺激的反应。通过减去从在一系列刺激显着性的时间上定期刺激测量的刺激中得出的随机刺激的诱发反应的重建，可以隔离预期活性。这些数据将用于测试以下假设：预期活动是在前额叶皮层中产生的，并在枕骨/枕叶颞皮层的目标区域产生最大的影响，以用于低显着性刺激。公共卫生相关性我们将研究的任务需要在整个视觉层次结构，额外皮层前的执行控制领域以及负责感觉运动整合和运动响应的领域中进行集成活动。我们开发的方法是将这些级别的大脑活动和行为联系起来，将与理解和管理视觉处理，视觉记忆，视觉运动集成和电机执行的疾病有关。由于这些方法是无创的，它们可以直接应用于未来的皮质视觉障碍，创伤性脑损伤，中风，痴呆和先天性脑畸形的研究中。这些疾病经常损害视觉处理，每种疾病经常涉及运动和认知功能的重大折衷。仔细适应本提案中将开发的协议可能会提供与这些疾病的诊断和管理有关的信息。