Disparity processing in human visual cortex

人类视觉皮层的视差处理

• 批准号: 8439981
• 负责人: ANTHONY M NORCIA
• 金额: $ 44.01万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-08-01 至 2017-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8439981
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Adult; Affect; Amblyopia; Area; Autistic Disorder; Binocular Vision; Binocular Vision Disorder; Child; Clinical; Code; Coupling; Cues; Data; Dependency; Depth Perception; Development; Disease; Dyslexia; Electroencephalography; Eye; Eye Movements; Failure; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Human; Infant; Laboratories; Lead; Life; Macular degeneration; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Motion; Motor; Network-based; Patients; Pattern; Perception; Population; Process; Protocols documentation; Relative (related person); Research; Residual state; Resolution; Role; Sensory; Sensory Process; Side; Signal Transduction; Source; Stimulus; Strabismus; Stream; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; Ursidae Family; Vision; Vision Disparity; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual impairment; Visual system structure; Work; area striata; base; critical developmental period; density; design; developmental disease; early onset; experience; extrastriate visual cortex; follow-up; functional loss; imaging modality; motor control; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; novel; novel diagnostics; novel strategies; oculomotor; parallel processing; programs; public health relevance; rehabilitation strategy; research study; retinotopic; sensory system; treatment effect; treatment program; vision development; visual deprivation; visual process; visual processing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The processing of binocular sensory cues for scene layout and observer motion is inextricably intertwined with motor control of the pointing direction of the eyes. It is of great importance to understand the neural mechanisms underlying this relationship in order to understand developmental failures that can lead to strabismus and the loss of functional binocularity. The normal developmental sequence for sensory binocularity is poorly understood and it has only recently been appreciated that 3D-specific motion signals also contribute to depth perception. It is shown here for the first time, that these 3D motion cues provide an important input to vergence eye movements. The normal developmental sequence for sensitivity to these motion cues is currently unknown. Neither is it known how these signals interact with disparity cues to control eye movements or how they are affected in strabismus. Therefore, each Aim of the proposal is organized around the inter-relationship between, and parallel processing of, horizontal disparity and 3D motion cues. The first Aim will use high-density EEG recordings to determine the developmental sequences for disparity and motion processing systems in normally developing infants and children. The working hypotheses that sensitivity to relative motion and disparity both depend on the development of domain-specific spatial interactions, that these interactions develop earlier in the motion system than they do in the disparity system and that motion-cues augment stereo cues for motion-in-depth early in development will be tested. The second Aim will combine fMRI and high-density EEG recordings in normal adults to determine the timing and pattern of spatial interactions that underlie the processing of relative motion and disparity cues across identified visual areas. The hypotheses that relative motion stimuli more effectively activate lower-level visual areas than do relative disparity stimuli and that manifestations of domain-specific surround organization will be more apparent in early retinotopic cortex for relative motion stimuli will be tested. The third Aim will follow up on pilot data indicating that 3D motion cues provide an independent and largely involuntary velocity input to vergence eye movements. The fourth Aim will test the hypothesis that developmental asymmetries of motion processing that are common in early onset strabismus are related to a more general developmental failure of 3D motion processing mechanisms. The proposed studies will provide a detailed understanding of both normal and abnormal binocular vision and its development, both by testing of novel hypotheses about sensory processing and motor control, but also through the use of powerful new approaches to EEG recording that will be readily transferable to studies of the effects of treatment for binocula vision and other disorders of visual processing during the developmental critical period.

描述（由申请人提供）：用于场景布局和观察者运动的双眼感觉线索的处理与指向方向的运动控制密不可分地交织在一起 的眼睛。了解这种关系背后的神经机制对于理解可能导致斜视和功能性双眼丧失的发育障碍非常重要。人们对双眼感觉的正常发育顺序知之甚少，直到最近才认识到 3D 特定运动信号也有助于深度感知。这里首次显示，这些 3D 运动线索为聚散眼球运动提供了重要的输入。目前尚不清楚对这些运动线索敏感度的正常发育顺序。我们也不知道这些信号如何与视差线索相互作用来控制眼球运动，也不知道它们如何在斜视中受到影响。因此，该提案的每个目标都是围绕水平视差和 3D 运动线索之间的相互关系和并行处理来组织的。第一个目标将使用高密度脑电图记录来确定正常发育的婴儿和儿童的差异和运动处理系统的发育顺序。工作假设是，对相对运动和视差的敏感性都取决于特定领域空间相互作用的发展，这些相互作用在运动系统中比在视差系统中更早发展，并且运动线索增强了运动进入的立体线索- 深度开发初期将受到测试。第二个目标将结合正常成年人的功能磁共振成像和高密度脑电图记录，以确定空间相互作用的时间和模式，这些相互作用是处理已识别视觉区域的相对运动和差异线索的基础。假设相对运动刺激比相对视差刺激更有效地激活较低级别的视觉区域，并且特定域周围组织的表现将是 在早期视网膜专题皮层中更为明显的相对运动刺激将被测试。第三个目标 将跟进试点数据，表明 3D 运动线索为聚散眼球运动提供独立且很大程度上非自愿的速度输入。第四个目标将检验以下假设：早发性斜视中常见的运动处理发育不对称与 3D 运动处理机制的更普遍的发育失败有关。拟议的研究将通过测试有关感觉处理和运动控制的新假设，以及通过使用强大的脑电图记录新方法来详细了解正常和异常的双眼视觉及其发展，这些方法可以很容易地转移到研究发育关键期双眼视觉和其他视觉处理障碍的治疗效果。