PHYTOSTEROLS, CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION AND HEALTHY DIETS

植物甾醇、胆固醇吸收和健康饮食

• 批准号: 7721560
• 负责人: RICHARD E. OSTLUND
• 金额: $ 0.11万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-02-01 至 2009-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7721560
• 关键词: Accounting; Attention; Bioavailable; Cholesterol; Clinical Trials; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Coronary heart disease; Dietary Component; Ensure; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Fiber; Food; Funding; Grant; Health; Human; Institution; LDL Cholesterol Lipoproteins; Phytosterols; Purpose; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk Reduction; Role; Source; Testing; Tracer; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; cholesterol absorption; good diet; heart disease risk; human subject; saturated fat

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. The purpose of this review is to outline the emerging role of dietary phytosterols in human health. Dietary saturated fat, cholesterol and fiber are currently emphasized in the reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. However, other dietary components such as phytosterols may have equivalent or even larger effects on circulating cholesterol and need further study with respect to the potential for coronary heart disease risk reduction. Phytosterol effects were not considered in classic fat-exchange clinical trials and may account for some of the differences attributed to the food fats studied. Phytosterols reduce cholesterol absorption while being poorly absorbed themselves and the effects can be studied in human subjects in single-meal tests using stable isotopic tracers. Because phytosterols are insoluble and biologically inactive when purified, careful attention needs to be given to ensuring that commercial supplement products are rendered bioavailable by dissolution in fat or by emulsification. Recent work shows that phytosterols in natural food matrices are also bioactive. The retention of phytosterols during food manufacturing and the use of foods with high phytosterol content may constitute an alternative to the use of supplements.

该子项目是利用该技术的众多研究子项目之一 资源由 NIH/NCRR 资助的中心拨款提供。子项目及 研究者 (PI) 可能已从 NIH 的另一个来源获得主要资金， 因此可以在其他 CRISP 条目中表示。列出的机构是 对于中心来说，它不一定是研究者的机构。 本综述的目的是概述膳食植物甾醇在人类健康中的新作用。目前在降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平方面强调膳食饱和脂肪、胆固醇和纤维。然而，其他饮食成分（例如植物甾醇）可能对循环胆固醇具有同等甚至更大的影响，并且需要进一步研究其降低冠心病风险的潜力。经典的脂肪交换临床试验中没有考虑植物甾醇的影响，这可能解释了所研究的食物脂肪造成的一些差异。植物甾醇会减少胆固醇的吸收，但其本身的吸收却很差，并且可以使用稳定同位素示踪剂在人类受试者的单餐测试中研究其影响。由于植物甾醇在纯化后不溶且不具有生物活性，因此需要特别注意确保商业补充剂产品通过溶解在脂肪中或通过乳化而具有生物可利用性。最近的研究表明，天然食品基质中的植物甾醇也具有生物活性。在食品制造过程中保留植物甾醇以及使用植物甾醇含量高的食品可能构成使用补充剂的替代方案。