Nerve-Muscle Graft Chamber for Prosthesis Control

用于假体控制的神经肌肉移植室

• 批准号: 7538556
• 负责人: RONALD Raymond RISO
• 金额: $ 22.69万
• 依托单位: INNERSEA TECHNOLOGY, INC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-30 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7538556
• 关键词: Agonist; Amplifiers; Amputation; Amputees; Anatomy; Animal Model; Animals; Area; Axon; Biological; Caliber; Characteristics; Chicago; Communication Aids for Disabled; Cutaneous; Development; Devices; Dissection; Elbow; Electrodes; Engineering; Exhibits; Fascicle; Fatigue; Fiber; Figs - dietary; Freedom; Funding; Future; Gray unit of radiation dose; Hand; Implant; Individual; Joint Prosthesis; Joints; Left; Limb structure; Location; Medial; Metabolism; Methods; Morphologic artifacts; Motor; Movement; Muscle; Muscle Cells; Natural regeneration; Nerve; Noise; Numbers; Pattern; Pattern Recognition; Performance; Peripheral; Peripheral Nerves; Personal Satisfaction; Phase; Phase I Clinical Trials; Positioning Attribute; Preparation; Property; Prosthesis; Public Health; Punch Biopsy; Purpose; Range; Rate; Reflex action; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Residual state; Resistance; Rotation; Scientist; Signal Transduction; Slice; Small Business Funding Mechanisms; Small Business Innovation Research Grant; Solutions; Source; Specificity; Structure; Surface; Surgeon; Surgical sutures; Techniques; Technology; Telemetry; Time; Training; Triceps Brachii Muscle; Upper arm; Work; Wrist; biceps brachii muscle; computerized data processing; concept; grasp; implantable device; instrument; interest; median nerve; motor control; muscle regeneration; nerve supply; neuroregulation; new technology; programs; prototype; relating to nervous system; repaired; response; restoration; size; technology development; volunteer

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objective is to develop a nerve-muscle interface that allows amputees to obtain simultaneous control of all actuators in a multi-degree of freedom prosthetic arm. Control signals will be derived from naturally produced neural activity originating in the stumps of the amputated nerves. The proposed approach will develop a universal nerve-muscle replant technique by grafting amputated nerves into a chamber which contains autologus muscle slices and recording electrodes. Neural control can be more natural than currently used myoelectric control since the same functions previously served by particular motor fascicles are directed to the corresponding prosthesis actuators, for simultaneous joint control as in normal limbs rather than sequential control as in commercially available technology. The approach here further develops and extends muscle-nerve grafting techniques whereby the stump of an amputated nerve is grafted onto a host muscle, and re-innervation occurs as recently demonstrated by Kuiken et al. in Chicago. Voluntary activation of the grafted nerve-muscle unit produces ElectroMyoGraphic (EMG) signals for prosthetic control that can be sensed more reliably than the feeble neural activity. A drawback of the presently implemented Kuiken approach of transferring an amputated nerve stump to a normal muscle is that a healthy muscle must be sacrificed to create the new interface. Also, the host muscle becomes innervated by a mix of nerve fascicles originally targeted at multiple other muscles which reduces the specificity inherent in the neural commands. The present proposed approach of bringing small muscle slices contained in a compartmented array to the individual fascicles of an amputated nerve has the advantage of being able to interface individually with each motor fascicle. This can greatly increase the number of single purpose natural control signals without sacrificing a healthy muscle, and since muscles are isolated in chambers, there is no crosstalk possible. As a further advantage, the proposed method can be used with very short nerve segments, and the nerves can be instrumented in their native locations rather than having to be trans-located. The Phase 1 study is intended to demonstrate in an animal model that small slices of muscle residing in a chamber can be functionally innervated by grafted motor nerves and that the resultant ensemble of functional motor units will be able to provide well graded EMG activity that can be recorded over a long period with constant characteristics and reasonable fatigue properties. In Phase 2, the implanted chamber will be fitted with 'onboard' amplifier and telemetry circuitry that is currently under development by InnerSea Technology for other rehabilitation applications. This will provide exceptionally clear and stable EMG recordings from many peripheral motor control channels in comparison to the current use of surface EMG recordings. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This proposed technology development, if successful, will allow amputees to better control their electrically powered prostheses. Current technology is severely limited by very few control signal sources, so control of each actuator is typically done one at a time -- so for example, to reach and grasp a soda can, first the elbow would be extended, then the wrist rotated somewhat, then the hand opened, then the elbow adjusted, then the wrist rotation adjusted, then the hand closed, etc. The proposed technology would enable simultaneous movement of all actuators, and many more actuators, thereby restoring essentially normal limb function.

描述（由申请人提供）：目的是开发一个神经肌肉界面，该界面允许截肢者同时在多度自由假体臂中同时控制所有执行器。对照信号将来自于自然产生的神经活动，该神经活动源自截肢神经的树桩。所提出的方法将通过将截肢神经嫁接到包含自体肌肉切片和记录电极的腔室中来开发通用的神经肌肉补充技术。 神经控制可以比当前使用的肌电控制更为自然，因为先前由特定运动筋膜提供的相同功能针对相应的假体执行器，用于同时进行的关节控制，如正常的四肢而不是与市售技术中的顺序控制。这里的方法进一步发展并扩展了肌肉障碍嫁接技术，从而将截肢神经的树桩移植到宿主的肌肉上，并正如Kuiken等人最近所证明的那样重新引起的。在芝加哥。移植神经肌肉单元的自愿激活产生肌电图（EMG）信号，用于假肢控制，比微弱的神经活动更可靠地感知。当前实施的Kuiken方法的缺点是将截肢的神经树桩转移到正常的肌肉中，即必须牺牲健康的肌肉才能创建新界面。同样，宿主的肌肉被最初针对多个其他肌肉的神经束的混合而受到支配，从而降低了神经命令中固有的特异性。 目前提出的方法是将隔间阵列中包含的小肌肉切片带到截肢神经的单个束缚中，其优势是能够与每个运动式束分别接口。这可以大大增加单一目的的自然控制信号的数量，而无需牺牲健康的肌肉，并且由于在腔室中隔离肌肉，因此无法进行串扰。为了进一步的优势，提出的方法可以与非常短的神经段一起使用，并且神经可以在其天然位置进行仪器，而不必跨性别地进行。 第1阶段的研究旨在在动物模型中证明，居住在腔室中的一小部分肌肉可以在功能上通过移植运动神经来支配，并且功能性运动单元的合成整体将能够提供良好的分级EMG活性长期记录具有恒定特征和合理的疲劳特性。在第2阶段中，植入的会议厅将配备“机上”放大器和遥测电路，这些放大器和遥测电路目前正在Innersea Technology开发其他康复应用程序。与当前的表面EMG记录相比，这将提供来自许多外围运动控制通道的异常清晰稳定的EMG记录。 公共卫生相关性：这种提议的技术开发（如果成功）将允许截肢者更好地控制其电力假体。当前的技术受到很少的控制信号源的严重限制，因此通常一次对每个执行器进行控制 - 例如，要伸手到达和抓住苏打水，首先将肘部伸展，然后腕部旋转。 ，然后将手打开，然后调整了肘部，然后调整了腕部旋转，然后闭合手。所提出的技术将使所有执行器同时移动，以及更多的执行器，从而恢复基本正常的肢体功能。