Mortality and Air Quality Regulation in Two Indian Cities

印度两个城市的死亡率和空气质量监管

• 批准号: 7471776
• 负责人: Naresh Kumar
• 金额: $ 19.05万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-04-15 至 2010-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7471776
• 关键词: Aerosols; Age; Air; Air Pollution; Area; Caliber; Capital; Cardiovascular system; Cessation of life; Cities; Climate; Condition; Daily; Data; Depth; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Exposure to; Gender; Genetic Crossing Over; Goals; Health; Health Benefit; Health Surveys; Human; India; Infant; Infant Mortality; Intervention; Interview; Measurement; Modeling; Monitor; Morality; Optics; Pattern; Public Health; Rate; Recording of previous events; Regulation; Research; Resolution; Series; Site; Source; Structure; System; Techniques; Time; Time Study; Trauma; Validation; age group; air quality regulation; base; cohort; diaries; migration; mortality; particle; remote sensing; respiratory; response; sensor; sex; ward

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Air quality intervention in developing countries is a new phenomenon. Delhi, the Capital of India, has witnessed a series of air quality interventions in recent years, which provides a natural experimental setting to evaluate the health effects of change in air quality in response to these interventions. Two overarching goals of this application are: (a) to evaluate the feasibility of satellite remote sensing to estimate daily air quality at different geographic scales, particularly for developing countries, which lack adequate coverage of air pollution monitoring, and (b) to assess the burden of mortality alleviated in response to these interventions in Delhi by differencing the cause-specific mortality with reference to air pollution in pre- (2000-02) and post-regulation (2004-06) periods. The spatially detailed air pollution data are unavailable for the study area. Nevertheless, an air pollution field campaign data collected during July-December 2003 at 113 sites in Delhi and its surroundings will be used to develop an empirical relation between ground measurements at these sites and satellite based aerosol optical depth (AOD). Exploiting this empirical relationship, the daily AOD will be used to predict daily estimates of airborne particles =2.5¿m, = 10¿m in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5 and PM10, respectively) and PM10-2.5, after controlling for meteorological conditions at a spatial resolution = 5km. Although AOD can be computed using the data from various sensors, we will use data from Moderate Resolution Radiospectrometer (MODIS), onboard Terra and Aqua satellites, because these two satellites together capture both peak and off-peak estimates of air quality. Satellite data missing due to cloud cover will be filled using multiple imputation techniques within a Bayesian framework. An empirical relationship between the personal exposure of 4000 subjects (interviewed from January-April 2004) and their ambient exposure will be established. This relationship, in turn, will be used to predict the personal exposure for all cases of mortality for the entire study period. A Bayesian hierarchical model will be employed to examine cause- specific morality with reference to estimated personal exposure and potential confounders at different spatial-temporal scales. To evaluate the impact of air quality interventions on morality we propose differencing mortality and personal exposure association for infants, age cohorts with relatively stable migration pattern (30 to 40 years) and different age-sex groups across time, i.e. pre and post regulation time windows, and across Delhi and Kanpur in both pre- and post-regulation periods. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The findings of this research will advance our understanding of the health benefits of air quality interventions in developing countries, which in turn will be useful for enforcing the similar regulations in other cities of developing countries to protect human health.

描述（由应用程序提供）：发展中国家的空气质量干预是一种新现象。印度首都德里近年来目睹了一系列空气质量干预措施，该干预措施提供了一种自然的实验环境，以评估对这些干预措施的空气质量变化的健康影响。该应用的两个总体目标是：（a）评估卫星遥远敏感性对在不同的地理尺度上估算每日空气质量的可行性，特别是对于发展中国家，尤其是对于发展中国家的空气污染监测，以及（b）评估因响应于200次频率的频率而导致的耐亡范围，以评估Delhi的响应，以换取Delhi的范围，以散布0（DELHI），以判断0（delhi），以 / delhi的范围（参考）（参考）（参考）（参考）（参考）（参考）（参考）（参考）（参考）（参考）（参考） （2004-06）期。对于研究区域而言，无法使用空间详细的空气污染数据。然而，2003年7月至12月在德里的113个地点收集的空气污染现场数据数据将用于在这些地点的地面测量与基于卫星的气溶胶光学深度（AOD）之间建立经验关系。利用这种经验关系，每日AOD将用于预测空气直径（分别为PM2.5和PM10）（分别为PM2.5和PM10）和PM10-2.5的空气中颗粒的每日估计，并在控制空间分辨率= 5km的气象条件下控制了气象条件。尽管可以使用来自各种传感器的数据来计算AOD，但我们将使用中等分辨率辐射光计（MODIS），船上Terra和Aqua Satelites中的数据，因为这两个卫星共同捕获了峰值和空气质量的非高峰估计。由于贝叶斯框架内的多种插补技术，将填充由于云覆盖而缺少的卫星数据。将建立4000名受试者的个人接触（2004年1月至4月的采访）与他们的环境暴露之间的经验关系。反过来，这种关系将用于预测整个研究期间所有死亡率的个人暴露。将聘请贝叶斯分层模型来检查特定的道德，参考估计的个人暴露和潜在的混杂因素在不同的时空尺度上。为了评估空气质量干预对道德的影响，我们提出了针对婴儿的死亡率和个人暴露关联，具有相对稳定的迁移模式（30至40岁）的年龄群体（30至40岁）以及整个时间窗口的不同年龄 - 性别组，即在调节前和后整个德里和坎普尔，在预处理期间和后期。公共卫生相关性：这项研究的发现将提高我们对发展中国家空气质量干预措施的健康益处的理解，这反过来又对在发展中国家其他城市的类似监管中有用。