Health and Air Quality Regulation in Delhi, India

印度德里的健康和空气质量监管

• 批准号: 6871427
• 负责人: Naresh Kumar
• 金额: $ 19.85万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-07-05 至 2007-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6871427
• 关键词: India; air pollution; air pollution control; air sampling /monitoring; clinical research; environmental exposure; human subject; mathematical model; socioeconomics; statistics /biometry; urban area

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Abstract: We propose innovative methods of modeling and analysis of respiratory health outcomes and economic and policy responses in relation to recently implemented air quality regulation in Delhi, the 10th most polluted city in the world in terms of total suspended particulate (TSP), and its neighboring districts, largely unaffected by these regulations. We first develop a simple model that captures household health and residence choices and how they interact with the labor and land markets in determining the distributonal effects of changes in industrial zoning enforcement. Our empirical analysis builds on this model and exploits unanticipated changes in the degree of enforcement of residential zoning and the conversion of commerical vehicles to compressed natural gas (CNG) in late 2000 that are thought to have importantly influenced air quality. As a result, we plan to understand space-time dynamics of air quality in pre and post regulation periods by analyzing aerosol optical thickness (AOT [a surrogate of air quality in urban areas]) in the troposphere. This data will be retrieved from remote sensing satellites and validated through TSP 2.5 and AOT ground meaurements that we will start recording at the beginning of January 2005 at the 150 control points to be determined by distances from air pollution sources, city center, urban density and structure etc. We have already started a socio-economic and respiratory health survey in the study area. A sample of households was selected using a newly developed location based sampling technique. To begin with the study area was stratified using 5 factors: air quality, distances from the main highway, thermal plants, industrial sites and city center. Finally we generated 1700 random points in the residential areas of the identified strata. These random points are navigated with the help of global positioning system (GPS) to acquire household consent, and for the survey component that includes information related to household, individual and their lung function. In the first round, we expect to cover 1500 households likely to be completed by mid March. The entire survey data is being geocoded in order to understand the spatial dependency of air quality and respiratory health responses. Spatial-statistical and econometric models will be employed to investigate interaction between air quality, economic choices and respiratory health responses. In additon, we will examine the cost of morbidity, caused by exposure to poor air quality and people's willingness to pay for clean air, which is central to the environmental regulations debate. We propose a second round of survey of the same households in June-August 2006 that will allow us to understand the effects of temporal and seasonal variations in air quality on respiratory health.

描述（由申请人提供）：摘要：我们提出了与最近在德里最近实施的空气质量法规有关的呼吸健康结果以及经济和政策反应的创新方法，德里是世界上第10个最受污染的城市，这是全球第十大污染的城市（TSP）及其邻近地区，其较大的地区，不受这些法规的影响。我们首先开发了一种捕获家庭健康和居住的简单模型 选择以及它们如何与劳动力和土地市场互动，以确定工业分区执法变化的分布影响。我们的经验分析以这种模型为基础，并利用了住宅区实施程度的意外变化，以及2000年末的商业车辆转换为压缩天然气（CNG），这些变化被认为具有重要影响的空气质量。结果，我们计划通过分析对流层中的气溶胶光学厚度（AOT（城市地区的空气质量替代））来了解调节前和调节后空气质量的时空动态。该数据将从遥感卫星中检索，并通过TSP 2.5和AOT地面效果进行验证，我们将在2005年1月初开始记录，该数据由150个控制点，由空气污染来源，城市中心，城市中心，城市密度和结构等距离确定，我们已经开始在研究区域进行社会经济和急诊健康调查。使用新开发的基于位置的采样技术选择了家庭样本。首先，使用5个因素对研究区域进行了分层：空气质量，距离高速公路，热工厂，工业地点和市中心的距离。最后，我们在确定地层的住宅区中产生了1700个随机点。这些随机点在全球定位系统（GPS）的帮助下导航以获得家庭同意，以及包括与家庭，个人及其肺有关的信息的调查部分 功能。在第一轮比赛中，我们预计将覆盖1500户可能在3月中旬完成的家庭。为了了解空气质量和呼吸健康反应的空间依赖性，整个调查数据正在地理编码。将采用空间统计和计量经济学模型来研究空气质量，经济选择和呼吸健康反应之间的相互作用。在Additon上，我们将研究由于暴露于空气质量差和人们支付清洁空气的意愿而导致的发病率成本，这对于环境法规辩论至关重要。我们在2006年6月至8月对同一家庭进行第二轮调查，这将使我们能够了解时间和季节性变化对空气质量对呼吸健康的影响。