Avian Influenza Viruses in the Environment:What is the Probability of Human Conta

环境中的禽流感病毒：人类接触禽流感病毒的概率是多少

• 批准号: 7493352
• 负责人: DAVID E STALLKNECHT
• 金额: $ 109.39万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-30 至 2010-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7493352
• 关键词: Avian; Influenza; Viruses; Environment; What

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this proposal is to identify and understand the risks associated with environmental sources that may provide a conduit for avian influenza virus (AIV) transmission from avian species to humans. There are three broad aims: 1) To estimate potential AIV loads associated with environmental sources of potential public health significance and to identify the factors that may enhance or limit persistence of AIVs in these sources; 2) To conduct a quantitative risk assessment of the public health risk associated with potential environmental sources of AIVs; and 3) To determine the potential for AIVs to infect mammals. This work will include AIVs from both wild and domestic birds, including highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. The first aim relates to understanding potential sources for transmission (contaminated water, feces, environmental surfaces, avian tissue and carcasses). For each potential source, both experimental and field studies will be used to provide a standardized approach to evaluate and understand AIV environmental persistence, and attempts will be made to validate results with field collected samples. For the second aim we will conduct risk assessments related to potential human contact with AIVs through environmental exposure. Risk assessments and risk management plans will be developed in collaboration with the state health departments for two states (GA and MM). In this work we will provide an interactive framework to capture input from other state health departments as well as CDC. In aim 3 we will test for the ability of AIVs \o replicate in mammals through in vitro (MDCK) and in vivo (mice, ferrets, and cats) challenge. This aim is designed to add perspective, that is, to provide an estimate of potential outcome associated with AIV contact. The recent documentation of direct avian to human transmission of H5, H7, and H9 AIVs, and the mortality associated with HPAI H5N1 infections have redefined existing paradigms related to human influenza emergence. While this does not imply that such risks are new, these findings have resulted in a multitude of unanswered questions related to human AIV risks associated with direct or indirect avian contact. 'The information gained in this work will greatly increase our ability to prevent transmission opportunities and will provide guidance for better targeted surveillance. The information gained also has relevance to understanding AIV epidemiology in both human and animal populations and the control or elimination of domestic animal infections may be the most effective long-term approach to mitigate these public health risks.

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案的目标是识别和了解与环境源相关的风险，这些环境源可能为禽流感病毒（AIV）从鸟类传播到人类提供渠道。共有三个主要目标： 1) 估计与具有潜在公共卫生意义的环境来源相关的潜在 AIV 负荷，并确定可能增强或限制 AIV 在这些来源中持久存在的因素； 2) 对AIV潜在环境源相关的公共卫生风险进行定量风险评估； 3) 确定 AIV 感染哺乳动物的可能性。这项工作将包括来自野生和家养鸟类的AIV，包括高致病性禽流感病毒。第一个目标涉及了解潜在的传播源（受污染的水、粪便、环境表面、鸟类组织和尸体）。对于每个潜在来源，将使用实验和现场研究来提供标准化方法来评估和了解AIV环境持久性，并将尝试使用现场收集的样本来验证结果。对于第二个目标，我们将进行与人类通过环境暴露与人工智能病毒潜在接触相关的风险评估。 将与两个州（GA 和 MM）的州卫生部门合作制定风险评估和风险管理计划。在这项工作中，我们将提供一个交互式框架，以获取其他州卫生部门以及疾病预防控制中心的意见。在目标 3 中，我们将通过体外 (MDCK) 和体内（小鼠、雪貂和猫）攻击来测试 AIV 在哺乳动物中复制的能力。这一目的旨在增加视角，即提供与 AIV 接触相关的潜在结果的估计。最近关于 H5、H7 和 H9 AIV 禽类向人类直接传播的记录，以及与 HPAI H5N1 感染相关的死亡率，重新定义了与人类流感出现相关的现有范式。虽然这并不意味着此类风险是新的，但这些发现导致了与直接或间接禽类接触相关的人类 AIV 风险相关的许多悬而未决的问题。 “这项工作中获得的信息将大大提高我们防止传播机会的能力，并将为更好地进行有针对性的监测提供指导。获得的信息还有助于了解人类和动物群体中的 AIV 流行病学，控制或消除家畜感染可能是减轻这些公共卫生风险的最有效的长期方法。