Avian Influenza Viruses in the Environment:What is the Probability of Human Conta

环境中的禽流感病毒：人类接触禽流感病毒的概率是多少

• 批准号: 7253657
• 负责人: DAVID E STALLKNECHT
• 金额: $ 87.5万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-30 至 2009-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7253657
• 关键词: Mus musculus; avian influenza; cats; chickens; clinical research; communicable disease transmission; cooperative study; disease /disorder etiology; disease /disorder proneness /risk; disease reservoirs; environmental exposure; epizootiology; ethology; feces; ferrets; influenzavirus A; public health; virus infection mechanism; virus load; virus replication; zoonosis

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this proposal is to identify and understand the risks associated with environmental sources that may provide a conduit for avian influenza virus (AIV) transmission from avian species to humans. There are three broad aims: 1) To estimate potential AIV loads associated with environmental sources of potential public health significance and to identify the factors that may enhance or limit persistence of AIVs in these sources; 2) To conduct a quantitative risk assessment of the public health risk associated with potential environmental sources of AIVs; and 3) To determine the potential for AIVs to infect mammals. This work will include AIVs from both wild and domestic birds, including highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. The first aim relates to understanding potential sources for transmission (contaminated water, feces, environmental surfaces, avian tissue and carcasses). For each potential source, both experimental and field studies will be used to provide a standardized approach to evaluate and understand AIV environmental persistence, and attempts will be made to validate results with field collected samples. For the second aim we will conduct risk assessments related to potential human contact with AIVs through environmental exposure. Risk assessments and risk management plans will be developed in collaboration with the state health departments for two states (GA and MM). In this work we will provide an interactive framework to capture input from other state health departments as well as CDC. In aim 3 we will test for the ability of AIVs \o replicate in mammals through in vitro (MDCK) and in vivo (mice, ferrets, and cats) challenge. This aim is designed to add perspective, that is, to provide an estimate of potential outcome associated with AIV contact. The recent documentation of direct avian to human transmission of H5, H7, and H9 AIVs, and the mortality associated with HPAI H5N1 infections have redefined existing paradigms related to human influenza emergence. While this does not imply that such risks are new, these findings have resulted in a multitude of unanswered questions related to human AIV risks associated with direct or indirect avian contact. 'The information gained in this work will greatly increase our ability to prevent transmission opportunities and will provide guidance for better targeted surveillance. The information gained also has relevance to understanding AIV epidemiology in both human and animal populations and the control or elimination of domestic animal infections may be the most effective long-term approach to mitigate these public health risks.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案的目的是识别和了解与环境来源相关的风险，这些风险可能为禽流感病毒（AIV）从禽类到人类传播提供渠道。有三个广泛的目标：1）估计与潜在公共健康意义的环境来源相关的潜在AIV负载，并确定可能增强或限制AIV在这些来源中的持久性的因素； 2）对与AIV的潜在环境来源相关的公共卫生风险进行定量风险评估； 3）确定AIV感染哺乳动物的潜力。这项工作将包括来自野生鸟类和家庭鸟类的AIV，包括高原性禽流感病毒。第一个目的涉及了解传播的潜在来源（受污染的水，粪便，环境表面，鸟类组织和尸体）。对于每个潜在来源，实验和现场研究都将用于提供标准化的方法来评估和了解AIV环境持久性，并尝试通过验证现场收集的样品验证结果。在第二个目标中，我们将通过环境暴露与AIV接触有关的潜在人类接触有关的风险评估。 风险评估和风险管理计划将与国家卫生部门合作开发两个州（GA和MM）。在这项工作中，我们将提供一个交互式框架，以捕获其他州卫生部门以及CDC的投入。在AIM 3中，我们将通过体外（MDCK）和体内（小鼠，雪貂和猫）挑战在哺乳动物中复制AIV \ o的能力。该目标旨在增加视角，即提供与AIV接触相关的潜在结果的估计。最近将直接鸟类直接传播到H5，H7和H9 AIV的文献，以及与HPAI H5N1感染相关的死亡率，已重新定义了与人类流感出现有关的现有范式。尽管这并不意味着这种风险是新的，但这些发现导致了许多与直接或间接禽接触有关的人类AIV风险有关的未解决问题。 ``这项工作中获得的信息将大大提高我们防止传输机会的能力，并为更好的目标监视提供指导。获得的信息还与了解人类和动物种群中的AIV流行病学有关，控制或消除家畜感染可能是减轻这些公共卫生风险的最有效的长期方法。