LONGITUDINAL TWIN STUDIES OF AFFECTIVE STYLE

情感风格的纵向双胞胎研究

• 批准号: 7062795
• 负责人: Harold Hill Goldsmith
• 金额: $ 31.2万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7062795
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); amygdala; anxiety; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral genetics; child behavior; clinical research; cortisol; electroencephalography; emotions; hippocampus; human subject; longitudinal human study; middle childhood (6-11); morphometry; neuroimaging; prefrontal lobe /cortex; psychopathology; psychophysiology; startle reaction; twin /multiplet; videotape /videodisc

This project comprises two longitudinal twin studies that integrate the study of affective style, affective symptomatology, and affect-related physiology in children and adolescents. In Study A, the twins have already been followed longitudinally with a variety of measures, including detailed videotaped observations. An additional follow-up at age 11-12 years will allow developmental characterization of affective style and frank anxiety/depression. The genetic bases of improvement; chronic course; onset of comorbid symptoms, and other developmental variables will be pursued, as will the link between behavior and some of the neuroscience variables examined by other Center projects. Study A will also seek to identify toddler age risk factors (e.g., shy/inhibited temperament, obsessive features and repetitive movements, auditory and tactile sensitivities, and difficulties in down-regulating negative affect) that might be associated with later internalizing behavioral patterns. Study A shares an assessment protocol with Project 5 (Essex/Klein). To examine the impact of non-genetic factors (and other issues), genetically identical (MZ) cotwins from Study A who are discordant for chronic anxiety, as well as controls, will participate in structural neuroimaging studies. Core C will perform whole brain tensor-based morphometry, which should be more sensitive than most prior methods in determining whether regions of the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala are structurally altered in affected individuals and in their non-affected cotwins. Study B examines the association of individual differences in emotional reactivity and regulation with several psychophysiological measures (EEG, fear-potentiated startle, sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiac measures) as well as basal and reactive cortisol, all within a behavior-genetic framework. One role of Project 4's twin methodology in the broader Center is to help resolve the issue of causal direction in studies of experience and context in affective development. Another role is to determine whether physiological substrates of fearfulness/anxiety actually have a genetic basis, and whether common genetic variance accounts for affect-physiology associations.

该项目包括两项纵向双胞胎研究，整合了儿童和青少年的情感风格、情感症状学和情感相关生理学研究。在研究 A 中，双胞胎已经接受了各种措施的纵向跟踪，包括详细的录像观察。 11-12 岁时的额外随访将允许情感风格和坦率的焦虑/抑郁的发展特征。改良的遗传基础；慢性病程；将追踪共病症状的发作和其他发育变量，以及行为与某些神经科学之间的联系 其他中心项目检查的变量。研究A还将寻求确定可能与后来的内化行为模式相关的幼儿年龄风险因素（例如害羞/抑制的气质、强迫性特征和重复性动作、听觉和触觉敏感性以及下调负面情绪的困难）。研究 A 与项目 5 (Essex/Klein) 共享评估方案。为了检查非遗传因素（和其他问题）的影响，研究 A 中慢性焦虑不一致的基因相同（MZ）双胞胎以及对照组将参加结构神经影像研究。 Core C将执行全脑 基于张量的形态测量法，在确定受影响个体及其未受影响双胞胎的海马体、前额皮质和杏仁核区域是否发生结构改变时，它应该比大多数现有方法更敏感。研究 B 考察了情绪反应和调节方面的个体差异与多种因素之间的关系。 心理生理学测量（脑电图、恐惧增强惊吓、交感和副交感心脏测量）以及基础和反应性皮质醇，所有这些都在行为遗传框架内。项目 4 的双重方法论在更广泛的中心中的作用之一是帮助解决情感发展中的经验和背景研究中的因果方向问题。另一个作用是确定恐惧/焦虑的生理基础是否确实具有遗传基础，以及常见的遗传变异是否可以解释情感与生理学的关联。