Evaluations of Reactions to Drug Cues in Natural Settings

自然环境中对药物提示反应的评估

基本信息

批准号：
7502084
负责人：
STEPHEN T TIFFANY
金额：
$ 19.03万
依托单位：
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2007-09-30 至 2010-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Over 23% of adults describe themselves as current smokers with 75% of those smoking every day. Most of those daily smokers meet diagnostic criteria for nicotine dependence. Craving, generally defined as a subjective state reflecting an addict's desire to use drugs, has been implicated as the primary cause for the maintenance of drug dependence. Craving research has exploded over the past 20 years, an increase fostered in part by the development of effective methods for inducing craving under laboratory conditions. The procedure used most commonly in this research is the cue-reactivity paradigm, which assesses addicts' craving and physiological responses to drug-related stimuli. Although this paradigm has advanced our understanding of craving, there has been no experimental research of the impact of drug-related cues on addicts' craving in their natural environment. The research described in this Exploratory Developmental Research Grant application will develop a procedure for assessing cigarette smokers' reactions to smoking-related cues when those cues are presented in the natural environment of the smokers. This research will combine cue-reactivity (CR) procedures with Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), which has been used successfully to monitor a variety of behaviors in real time using handheld computers. The merger of these two procedures into a single paradigm provides a novel approach to studying the impact of drug-related cues on craving and smoking behavior in the natural environment. This combined CR/EMA procedure will be developed and refined in three studies to (1) evaluate the impact of a cue-reactivity manipulation administered to cigarette smokers in a natural setting using photographic and imagery cues; (2) examine the impact of in vivo cues manipulated with CREMA; and (3) compare the magnitude of cue- reactivity effects produced through the CREMA procedure with cue-reactivity assessed via laboratory- based cue-reactivity procedures. The data generated by this procedure will create a new tool to explore craving processes in the natural environment. Cigarette smoking produces over 440,000 deaths each year in the US and generates an estimated $157 billion in annual health-related economic losses. Craving, generally defined as a subjective state reflecting an addict's desire to use drugs, has been implicated as a primary cause for the maintenance of chronic smoking. This research will examine triggers of craving in the natural environment of smokers and generate important information about craving that may lead to more effective treatments for smoking.

描述（由申请人提供）：吸烟是美国可预防死亡的主要原因。超过23％的成年人将自己描述为目前的吸烟者，每天吸烟的人中有75％。这些日常吸烟者大多数都符合尼古丁依赖性的诊断标准。渴望通常被定义为反映瘾君子使用药物渴望的主观状态，已被认为是维持药物依赖性的主要原因。在过去的20年中，渴望研究爆发了，部分原因是在实验室条件下诱发渴望的有效方法促进了这一增加。这项研究中最常用的过程是提示反应性范式，该范式评估了瘾君子对与药物相关刺激的渴望和生理反应。尽管这种范式已经提出了我们对渴望的理解，但没有实验研究与药物有关的提示对瘾君子在自然环境中的渴望的影响。本探索性发展研究赠款中描述的研究将开发一种程序，以评估吸烟者在吸烟者中提出这些提示时对吸烟相关线索的反应。这项研究将将提示反应性（CR）程序与生态时瞬时评估（EMA）相结合，该评估已成功地用于使用手持计算机实时监控各种行为。这两个程序合并为单个范式提供了一种新的方法，可以研究与药物相关线索对自然环境中渴望和吸烟行为的影响。该组合的CR/EMA程序将在三项研究中开发和完善，以（1）评估使用摄影和成像提示在自然环境中对吸烟者进行的提示反应性操纵的影响；（2）检查用Crema操纵的体内线索的影响；（3）比较通过Crema程序产生的提示反应性效应的大小与通过实验室基于实验室的提示反应程序评估的提示反应性。该过程生成的数据将创建一个新工具，以探索自然环境中的渴望过程。吸烟在美国每年每年造成超过44万人死亡，估计每年与健康相关的经济损失估计造成1,570亿美元。渴望通常被定义为反映瘾君子使用药物渴望的主观状态，已被认为是维持慢性吸烟的主要原因。这项研究将检查吸烟者自然环境中渴望的诱因，并产生有关渴望的重要信息，这可能会导致吸烟的更有效治疗。