Hair Analyses of Nicotine Exposure: Quantifying Low-Level Smoking

头发尼古丁暴露分析：量化低水平吸烟

• 批准号: 7624093
• 负责人: STEPHEN T TIFFANY
• 金额: $ 37.87万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-06-01 至 2011-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7624093
• 关键词: Address; Analytical Chemistry; Arts; Back; Behavioral; Behavioral Sciences; Biological; Biological Assay; Biological Markers; Breathing; Chronic; Cigarette; Cigarette Smoker; Classification; Cotinine; Daily; Development; Frequencies; Growth; Hair; Health; Individual; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Nicotine; Nicotine Dependence; Numbers; Patient Self-Report; Pharmacology; Procedures; Process; Range; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Risk; Role; Sampling; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Testing; Time; Tobacco smoke; Variant; cigarette smoking; cigarette smoking; day; design; indexing; instrument; interdisciplinary approach; smoke inhalation; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although the prototypical cigarette smoker is characterized as someone who consistently smokes a pack of cigarettes or more each day, a large number of people described as current smokers neither smoke daily nor consume a pack of cigarettes on days they do smoke. These low-level smokers incur increased health risk as a consequence of their inhalation of smoke. Moreover, for many, low-level smoking represents an important transition period for the development of nicotine dependence, the process presumably responsible for the intractability of cigarette smoking in heavy, chronic smokers. Because of the serious health consequences of low-level smoking and the important role of low-level smoking in emergence of nicotine dependence, it is important to conduct systematic research on this phenomenon. Research on low-level smoking is hampered by the relative absence of self-report instruments that can create an accurate profile of low-level smoking over time. Under ideal circumstances, the accuracy of self-report smoking measures would be validated by biological assays of nicotine exposure. Unfortunately, most conventional biomarker assays are sensitive only to relatively recent smoking and are not particularly useful in accurately characterizing low-levels of smoking. The research in this proposal is designed to validate the systematic use of biomarkers, hair nicotine and cotinine levels, as an accurate index of known low-level nicotine exposure. The research will also comparatively evaluate measures of self-report smoking with the intent of identifying measures that are maximally sensitive to variations in low-level smoking. The developed biomarkers will then be used to validate these self-report measures of smoking behavior. This research will integrate state-of-the-art pharmacology, analytical chemistry, and behavioral science in the development of new tools for the assessment of low-level cigarette smoking. This interdisciplinary approach offers the opportunity to simultaneously validate biological and behavioral indices of low-level smoking. Finally, this research will provide new tools, biological and behavioral, with considerable utility for our understanding of the impact of low-level smoking on health and on the development of nicotine dependence.

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管原型吸烟者的特征是每天持续吸烟或更多吸烟的人，但大量的人被描述为当前吸烟者每天吸烟，也不是在吸烟的日子消耗一包香烟。这些低级吸烟者由于吸入烟雾而增加了健康风险。此外，对于许多人来说，低水平的吸烟代表了尼古丁依赖性发展的重要过渡时期，这可能是造成大量慢性吸烟者吸烟的棘手性的过程。由于低水平吸烟的健康后果以及低水平吸烟在尼古丁依赖性中的重要作用，因此对这种现象进行系统研究很重要。相对缺乏自我报告仪器可以使低级吸烟的研究受到阻碍，这些仪器可以随着时间的流逝而准确地对低级吸烟产生精确的概况。在理想的情况下，自我报告吸烟措施的准确性将通过尼古丁暴露的生物学测定验证。不幸的是，大多数常规的生物标志物测定仅对相对较新的吸烟敏感，并且在准确表征低水平吸烟方面并不是特别有用。该提案中的研究旨在验证生物标志物，头发尼古丁和可替宁水平的系统使用，作为已知低水平尼古丁暴露的准确指数。这项研究还将相对评估自我报告吸烟的度量，目的是确定对低水平吸烟的变化具有最大敏感的措施。然后，开发的生物标志物将用于验证这些自我报告的吸烟行为措施。这项研究将将最先进的药理学，分析化学和行为科学整合在一起，以开发用于评估低级香烟吸烟的新工具。这种跨学科的方法为同时验证低级吸烟的生物学和行为指数提供了机会。最后，这项研究将提供新的工具，即生物学和行为，并为我们理解低水平吸烟对健康和尼古丁依赖性发展的影响提供了大量实用性。