Exploiting the Phytophthora infestans genome: targets for sustainable potato protection

利用致病疫霉基因组：可持续马铃薯保护的目标

• 批准号: BB/E006795/1
• 负责人: Pieter Van West
• 金额: $ 53.34万
• 依托单位: University of Aberdeen
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2007 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FE006795%2F1
• 关键词: Exploiting; Phytophthora; infestans; genome; targets

Pathogen attack of crop plants is a key issue affecting agricultural sustainability in terms of both yield loss due to disease and environmental impact due to fungicide application. The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans is the most significant pathogen of potato, the world's fourth largest crop. P. infestans is responsible for large yield losses through late blight disease, and costs associated with chemical control amount to £3M globally per year. Genetic resistance to P. infestans and control chemicals have been deployed with limited success, as both have been readily overcome by variation in pathogen populations. This proposal aims to address the problems faced by existing control measures through exploitation of the P. infestans genome to seek vital and invariant components of its pathogenicity arsenal that can be targeted for sustainable potato protection. Specifically, this information will be used to identify sources of durable potato disease resistance for breeding and to develop novel control strategies that are intrinsically difficult for the pathogen to overcome. The oomycetes include more than 70 Phytophthora species and are arguably the most significant pathogens of dicotyledenous plants. In the last year or so, genes have been identified from oomycete pathogens of the model plant Arabidopsis, of soybean, and from P. infestans itself (by the SCRI group), that encode proteins that trigger resistance. These proteins are very different to each other except from a conserved motif that is similar to a sequence required for delivery of malaria virulence proteins inside human blood cells. Preliminary evidence suggests that this motif is required to deliver the oomycete proteins into the cells of their respective plant hosts. The motif has provided a signature to search for other proteins that are delivered inside host cells, where they may be exposed to defence surveillance systems. In this proposal we aim to identify the entire complement of such proteins from P. infestans. We will characterize these proteins to seek those that are essential for infection (and thus are not easily lost by the pathogen) and those that show little sequence variation in diverse strains of the pathogen (and thus appear to be under selective pressure to remain unchanged). We postulate that such proteins represent potential Achilles' Heels for the pathogen if resistances can be found that recognize them. To this end, we will search in a wild potato biodiversity collection at SCRI (The Commonwealth Potato Collection) for plants that are resistant to these proteins (and thus to most, if not all, strains of P. infestans). These resistances are likely to be highly durable and thus will be prioritized for introduction into cultivated potato in commercially supported breeding programmes at SCRI. The second 'Achilles' Heel' of P. infestans that we intend to exploit is the machinery required for translocation of these virulence proteins inside potato cells. The translocation machinery is potentially a very suitable target for disease control, since inhibition of this delivery process would prevent effector proteins entering host cells and thus inhibit the pathogen's normal infection process. Experiments will be conducted to find the proteins responsible for translocation by identifying proteins that bind to the conserved delivery motif. We will conduct experiments to determine how they work. Mimicks of these proteins which bind to the delivery motif in oomycete virulence proteins will potentially not only prevent P. infestans from causing infection but will have a wider application by inhibiting other oomycete plant pathogens and will possibly extend to unrelated pathogens such as malaria. The biotechnology company Syngenta is the end-user that will exploit our findings in this aspect of the project.

作物植物的病原体攻击是影响农业可持续性的关键问题，因为疾病造成的收益损失和杀菌剂施用引起的环境影响。 Oomycete病原体Phytophthora Infestans是世界第四大作物的马铃薯最重要的病原体。 P. Infestans通过晚期明亮疾病造成了巨大的收益率损失，与化学控制相关的成本每年为300万英镑。遗传性对炎症假单胞菌的抗性和对照化学物质的成功有限，因为两者都很容易通过病原体种群的变化来克服。该提案旨在解决通过开发P. Infestans基因组来寻求其致病性库的重要组成部分，以解决现有控制措施所面临的问题，以寻求可持续的马铃薯保护。具体而言，这些信息将用于识别耐用的马铃薯疾病耐药性来育种的来源，并制定新颖的控制策略，这些策略本质上难以克服病原体。卵菌包括70多种植物菌种，可以说是双子叶植物中最重要的病原体。在过去的一年左右的时间里，已经从模型植物拟南芥，大豆和Infestans本身（由SCRI组）（由SCRI组）的模型植物病原体（由SCRI组）鉴定出基因，这些基因编码触发抗性的蛋白质。这些蛋白质彼此非常不同，除了与配置的基序相似，该基序与疟疾病毒蛋白在人体血细胞中所需的序列相似。初步证据表明，需要此基序才能将卵蛋白传递到其各自植物宿主的细胞中。该图案提供了一个签名，以搜索在宿主细胞内传递的其他蛋白质，在那里它们可能会暴露于防御监视系统。在此提案中，我们旨在确定来自P. Infestans的此类蛋白质的整个补体。我们将表征这些蛋白质，以寻求那些对感染必不可少的蛋白质（因此不容易被病原体丢失），以及那些在病原体的潜水员菌株中几乎没有序列变化的蛋白质（因此似乎在选择性压力下保持不变的压力）。我们假设，如果发现耐药性识别它们，则这种蛋白质代表了病原体的潜在跟腱。为此，我们将在SCRI（英联邦土豆系列）的野马生物多样性收藏中搜索对这些蛋白质有抵抗力的植物（因此，对于大多数（如果不是全部），P. Infestans的菌株）。这些抵抗力可能很耐用，因此将优先考虑在SCRI的商业支持的育种计划中介绍培养的马铃薯。我们打算利用的疫苗的第二个“阿喀琉斯”脚跟是将这些病毒蛋白转移到马铃薯细胞中所需的机械。易位机械可能是疾病控制的非常合适的靶标，因为抑制这种递送过程将防止效应蛋白进入宿主细胞，从而抑制病原体的正常感染过程。将进行实验，以通过识别与配置递送基序结合的蛋白质来找到负责易位的蛋白质。我们将进行实验以确定它们的工作方式。这些蛋白质的模仿与卵巢病毒蛋白中的递送基序结合的模仿可能不仅可以防止炎症杆菌引起感染，而且通过抑制其他卵菌植物病原体而具有更广泛的应用，并且可能会延伸到诸如疟疾等无关病原体。生物技术公司先正达是最终用户，它将在项目的这一方面利用我们的发现。

项目成果

Genome sequence of the necrotrophic plant pathogen Pythium ultimum reveals original pathogenicity mechanisms and effector repertoire.

• DOI: 10.1186/gb-2010-11-7-r73
• 发表时间: 2010
• 期刊: Genome biology
• 影响因子: 12.3
• 作者: Lévesque CA;Brouwer H;Cano L;Hamilton JP;Holt C;Huitema E;Raffaele S;Robideau GP;Thines M;Win J;Zerillo MM;Beakes GW;Boore JL;Busam D;Dumas B;Ferriera S;Fuerstenberg SI;Gachon CM;Gaulin E;Govers F;Grenville-Briggs L;Horner N;Hostetler J;Jiang RH;Johnson J;Krajaejun T;Lin H;Meijer HJ;Moore B;Morris P;Phuntmart V;Puiu D;Shetty J;Stajich JE;Tripathy S;Wawra S;van West P;Whitty BR;Coutinho PM;Henrissat B;Martin F;Thomas PD;Tyler BM;De Vries RP;Kamoun S;Yandell M;Tisserat N;Buell CR
• 通讯作者: Buell CR

Auto-aggregation in zoospores of Phytophthora infestans: the cooperative roles of bioconvection and chemotaxis.

致病疫霉游动孢子中的自动聚集：生物对流和趋化性的协同作用。

• DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0017
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
• 作者: Savory AI

Development of eukaryotic zoospores within polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-polluted environments: a set of behaviors that are relevant for bioremediation.

多环芳烃 (PAH) 污染环境中真核游动孢子的发育：与生物修复相关的一系列行为。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.089
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: The Science of the total environment
• 作者: Sungthong R